The value of ecosystem services provided by the US National Wildlife Refuge System in the contiguous US
The value of ecosystem services provided by the US National Wildlife Refuge System in the contiguous US
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.01.012
复制
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Foster, Shonda Gilliland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ingraham, Molly W.;Foster, Shonda Gilliland
证明公共保护地提供的生态系统服务的经济价值的研究有助于更准确地评估这些土地的效益。本研究的目的是以真实的（2004年）美元估算美国国家野生动物保护区系统提供的生态系统服务的经济价值为了估计这个值，我们确定了美国48个州的避难所系统中存在的生态系统，以及它们所占的比例，以及每项服务的美元价值。我们使用土地覆盖类作为避难所系统中存在的生态系统的近似。在地理信息系统（GIS）中，我们结合土地覆盖地理空间数据与避难所系统边界的地图，计算避难所系统内每个避难所和土地覆盖类的英亩数。我们转移的价值，为以下生态系统服务：气候和大气气体调节;干扰预防;淡水调节和供应;废物同化和营养调节;和栖息地的提供。我们进行了一个集中趋势值转移的平均值，主要是原始网站的研究，避难所系统的基础上，每个研究网站和避难所位于生态区和生态区的相对净初级生产力（NPP）。NPP是一个用于量化活植物净碳吸收率的参数，并已被证明与空间可替代的生态系统服务相关。实地研究所采用的方法包括直接市场估值、间接市场估值及或有估值。我们估计，在美国本土，避难所系统提供的生态系统服务的总价值约为269亿美元/年。这一估计是第一次尝试证明避难所系统的价值可能超过纯粹来自娱乐活动的价值。由于目前的理解、方法和数据的局限性，估计数可能有很大的误差幅度。(C)2008 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Studies that demonstrate the economic value of the ecosystem services provided by public conservation lands can contribute to a more accurate appraisal of the benefit of these lands. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value, in real (2004) dollars, of the ecosystem services provided by the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) in the contiguous U.S. In order to estimate this value, we determined the ecosystems present on the Refuge System in the contiguous 48 states, the proportion in which they are represented, and the dollar value of services provided by each. We used land cover classes as an approximation of ecosystems present in the Refuge System. In a geographic in formation system (GIS), we combined land cover geospatial data with a map of the Refuge System boundaries to calculate the number of acres for each refuge and land cover class within the Refuge System. We transfer-red values for the following ecosystem services: climate and atmospheric gas regulation; disturbance prevention; freshwater regulation and supply; waste assimilation and nutrient regulation; and habitat provision. We conducted a central tendency value transfer by transferring averaged values taken from primarily original site studies to the Refuge System based on the ecoregion in which each study site and refuge was located and the ecoregion's relative net primary productivity (NPP). NPP is a parameter used to quantify the net carbon absorption rate by living plants, and has been shown to be correlated with spatially fungible ecosystem services. The methodologies used in the site studies included direct market valuation, indirect market valuation and contingent valuation. We estimated the total value of ecosystem services provided by the Refuge System in the contiguous U.S. to be approximately $26.9 billion/year. This estimate is a first cut attempt to demonstrate that the value of the Refuge System likely exceeds the value derived purely from recreational activities. Due to limitations of current understanding, methods and data, there is a potentially large margin of error associated with the estimate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.