Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green?
Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green?
复制标题
棕榈油、RED II 和世贸组织法：欧盟可持续生物燃料政策与绿色纠缠不清？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Madner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Mayr;B. Hollaus;V. Madner
欧盟（EU）关于生物燃料的新规定导致欧盟与其一些贸易伙伴之间的紧张关系加剧。一个特别有争议的措施是“冻结和逐步淘汰”运输部门的某些生物燃料，具有很高的间接土地使用变化风险，正如可再生能源指令的修订所引入的那样。本文以印尼最近在世界贸易组织（WTO）对欧盟提起诉讼为背景，系统地探讨了WTO法的相关概念，并分析了欧盟措施与关贸总协定（GATT）和技术性贸易壁垒协定（TBT协定）的兼容性。虽然欧盟的措施是经过精心设计的，以避免潜在的世贸组织陷阱--例如《技术性贸易壁垒协议》的适用性--但本文指出了几个关键方面，这些方面对该措施与世贸组织法律的兼容性提出了质疑。特别是，似乎故意以棕榈油为目标，使人怀疑这一措施在环境方面是否合理。
New European Union (EU) rules on biofuels have led to mounting tensions between the EU and some of its trading partners. A particularly contentious measure is the ‘freeze and phase‐out’ of certain biofuels in the transport sector with a high indirect land‐use change risk, as introduced by the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive. In light of Indonesia’s recent move to initiate proceedings against the EU at the World Trade Organization (WTO), this article systematically explores relevant key concepts of WTO law and analyses the compatibility of the EU measures with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). While the EU measures are carefully crafted to avoid potential WTO pitfalls—such as applicability of the TBT Agreement—the article identifies several critical aspects that raise doubts about the measure’s compatibility with WTO law. In particular, the seemingly deliberate targeting of palm oil casts doubt on the justification of the measure on environmental grounds.