Biodiversity in agricultural and food systems of jhum landscape in the West Garo Hills, North-eastern India.
Biodiversity in agricultural and food systems of jhum landscape in the West Garo Hills, North-eastern India.
复制标题
印度东北部的朱姆景观农业和食品系统的生物多样性。
DOI：
10.1007/s12571-021-01251-y
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Adhiguru P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pandey DK;Momin KC;Dubey SK;Adhiguru P
Jhum是印度本土的一种伐木农业农林系统。它丰富了作物多样性和饮食多样性，有助于确保粮食安全和营养。然而，jhum现在正迅速被抛弃，取而代之的是集约化农业，通常涉及单一栽培。土地使用的这种变化是对当地粮食安全的重大威胁。根据对印度东北部梅加拉亚州西加罗山四个村庄97户家庭的调查，对jhum和相应的食物多样性（由加罗土著社区维持）进行了审查。我们使用混合方法来量化对膳食多样性以及食品和营养安全的贡献。jhum耕作系统包括39种作物和4种土著牲畜品种，分为5个核心食物组，维持土著人民的营养安全和饮食文化。传统的食物篮子补充了从森林边缘和jhum休耕地收集的野生食用植物，这是该系统的一部分。加罗社区的传统食物几乎完全来自当地现有资源，是当地文化的重要组成部分，有助于加强对生物多样性的保护。土著人民保护的传统粮食多样性可以作为设计和执行公共政策的基础，以确保实行这种制度的地区和更广泛地区的粮食安全。鉴于农业生物多样性、文化和社区普遍存在的生计之间存在着密切的相互依存关系，本研究建议保留一些地区的传统土地使用，并辅之以新的措施，以确保其经济可行性。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1007/s12571-021-01251-y获得。
Jhum is a swidden agriculture agroforestry system indigenous to India. It enriches crop diversity and dietary diversity, helping to ensure food security and nutrition. However, jhum is now being rapidly abandoned in favour of intensive agriculture, often involving monoculture. Such changes in land use are a major threat to local food security. Based on a survey of 97 households in four villages of the West Garo Hills in the state of Meghalaya in north-eastern India, jhum and the corresponding food diversity (as maintained by the Garo indigenous communities) were examined. We used a mixed-methods approach to quantify the contribution to dietary diversity, and food and nutritional security. The jhum system of farming comprised of 39 crops and four indigenous breeds of livestock, which were categorized into five core food groups that sustain nutritional security and the food culture of indigenous people. The traditional food basket is supplemented with wild edible plants collected from fringes of forest and jhum fallows that are part of the system. The traditional foods of Garo communities, that are drawn almost entirely from locally available sources, are a significant part of local culture, and serve to reinforce conservation of biodiversity. The traditional food diversity guarded by indigenous people can serve as a basis for designing and implementing public policies aimed at ensuring food security of those regions that practise such systems, and more widely. Given this close interdependence between agrobiodiversity, culture, and livelihoods prevailing in the community, the present study recommended for keeping some area under traditional land use, supplemented with fresh measures to ensure its economic viability. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12571-021-01251-y.