TROPICAL DRY AND WET SEASON POLYPHENISM IN THE BUTTERFLY MELANITIS-LEDA (SATYRINAE) - PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AND CLIMATIC CORRELATES
TROPICAL DRY AND WET SEASON POLYPHENISM IN THE BUTTERFLY MELANITIS-LEDA (SATYRINAE) - PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AND CLIMATIC CORRELATES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb01988.x
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发表时间：
1987-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
BRAKEFIELD, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRAKEFIELD, PM
1905年，N.Manders在毛里求斯收集了155只蝴蝶，对与季节性多物性有关的翅膀图案、颜色、形状和大小的变化进行了量化。湿润时期的蝴蝶主要来自雨季，有大的、分化良好的眼点、短尾、较小的翅膀和特有的背景颜色。旱季形式只发生在较干燥的时期，有小得多的眼点，更长的尾巴，更大的翅膀和可变的背景。出现了许多中间产物，主要发生在较干燥的时期。这与毛里求斯没有极端的季节变化有关。描述形态和颜色数据的第一主成分(Pci)与翼型密切相关(r=0.80)。使用每次捕获前8周的温度和降雨量数据进行回归分析表明，大约40%的PCI值变化可以由捕获前2-3周的温度来解释。测量的许多字符都是冗余的；七个形态测量字符的子集产生了非常相似的PCI。对来自肯尼亚的另外70个M.Leda样本的这一子集的分析表明，季节性多态凌驾于少量的性二态之上。关于成虫活动、休息背景和视觉捕食的季节性变化，结果进行了讨论。翅型特征是一系列协调的形态和生活史特征的一部分，包括卵巢休眠和旱季成虫的脂肪体发育。在这些性状的近端控制中出现部分独立，例如，与较潮湿的月份相比，在较干燥的时期捕获的较少数量的雨季形式的较大的翅膀和尾巴尺寸和较小的眼斑。
Changes in wing pattern, colour, shape and size associated with seasonal polyphenism in Melanitis leda were quantified using a series of 155 butterflies collected by N. Manders on Mauritius in 1905. Butterflies of the wetter period were predominantly of the wet season from with large, well differentiated eyespots, short tails, smaller wings and a characteristics background colour. The dry season form occurred only in the drier period and has much smaller eyespots, longer tails, larger wings and a variable background. Many intermediates occurred, mainly in the drier period. These are associated with an absence of extreme seasonal change in Mauritius. The first principal component (PCI) describing the morphometric and colour data is closely related to the wing form (r = 0.80). Regression analyses using temperature and rainfall data for the 8 weeks before each capture showed that about 40% of variation in PCI could be accounted for by temperature in weeks 2-3 before capture. Many of the characters measured are redundant; a subset of seven morphometric characters yields a closely similar PCI. Analysis of this subset in an additional sample of 70 M. leda from Kenya showed that the seasonal polyphenism overrides a small degree of sexual dimorphism. The results are discussed with regard to seasonal changes in adult activity, resting backgrounds and visual predation. Wing phenotype characters are part of an array of coordinated morphological and life history traits which include ovarian dormancy and fat body development in dry season adults. A partial independence occurs in the proximal control of these traits as indicated, for example, by the larger wing and tail size and smaller eyespots of the small number of the wet season form captured in the drier period in comparison to those of the wetter months.