Actively convected liquid metal divertor
Actively convected liquid metal divertor
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/0029-5515/54/12/122002
复制
发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Shimada;Y. Hirooka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Shimada;Y. Hirooka
提出使用具有j × B力的主动对流液态金属来促进分流器的热处理，这是与ITER等磁聚变实验相关的一个具有挑战性的问题。对于演示反应堆和动力反应堆，这一问题将更加严重，因为转向器的热负荷将明显更高，但不允许使用铜作为散热片材料。取而代之的是，热传导率大大低于铜的低活化铁素体/马氏体钢合金将被用作结构材料。目前的建议是在真空容器的下部填充熔点相对较低、化学活性较低的液态金属，包括Ga和Sn。装有电极和冷却管的分流器模块浸在液态金属中。电极放置在液态金属的中间，可以相对于模块正偏或负偏。由于电极和模块之间的电流产生的j × B力为电极周围的液态金属提供了旋转运动。从操作的角度来看，在分离矩阵击中点的液体温度的上升可以保持在可接受的水平。随着转速的增加，由于v × B电动势的作用，液态金属中的电流预计会减小。这种在极向平面上的旋转运动将显著降低导流器的热负荷。对流液态金属导流器的另一个重要优点是可以从完全中断中快速恢复。此外，液态金属导流器的概念消除了腐蚀问题。
The use of actively convected liquid metals with j × B force is proposed to facilitate heat handling by the divertor, a challenging issue associated with magnetic fusion experiments such as ITER. This issue will be aggravated even more for DEMO and power reactors because the divertor heat load will be significantly higher and yet the use of copper would not be allowed as the heat sink material. Instead, reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel alloys with heat conductivities substantially lower than that of copper, will be used as the structural materials. The present proposal is to fill the lower part of the vacuum vessel with liquid metals with relatively low melting points and low chemical activities including Ga and Sn. The divertor modules, equipped with electrodes and cooling tubes, are immersed in the liquid metal. The electrode, placed in the middle of the liquid metal, can be biased positively or negatively with respect to the module. The j × B force due to the current between the electrode and the module provides a rotating motion for the liquid metal around the electrodes. The rise in liquid temperature at the separatrix hit point can be maintained at acceptable levels from the operation point of view. As the rotation speed increases, the current in the liquid metal is expected to decrease due to the v × B electromotive force. This rotating motion in the poloidal plane will reduce the divertor heat load significantly. Another important benefit of the convected liquid metal divertor is the fast recovery from unmitigated disruptions. Also, the liquid metal divertor concept eliminates the erosion problem.