Genetics of Regular Exercise and Sedentary Behaviors
Genetics of Regular Exercise and Sedentary Behaviors
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/thg.2014.42
复制
发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Thomis, Martine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Geus, Eco J. C.;Bartels, Meike;Thomis, Martine
关于身体活动决定因素的研究传统上侧重于社会因素和环境障碍，但最近的研究表明，生物因素，包括遗传变异，具有额外的重要性。在这里，我们回顾了这项研究的主要原则，得出三个主要结论：第一，身体活动性状的个体差异受到遗传因素的显著影响，但遗传贡献随年龄变化很大，休闲时间运动行为的遗传率为27%至84%，久坐行为的遗传率为9%至48%。第二，基于动物或人类QTL或生物相关性（例如，大脑中的多巴胺能或大麻素活性，或影响肌肉生理学的运动表现）尚未产生必要的证据来说明身体活动性状遗传性的遗传机制。第三，日常身体活动模式对力量和耐力的改善以及对身体质量指数等健康相关参数的有益影响存在显着的遗传调节。进一步增加我们对久坐和运动行为的遗传决定因素以及它们对健身和健康影响的遗传调节的理解，将是未来对这些行为进行有意义的干预的关键。
Studies on the determinants of physical activity have traditionally focused on social factors and environmental barriers, but recent research has shown the additional importance of biological factors, including genetic variation. Here we review the major tenets of this research to arrive at three major conclusions: First, individual differences in physical activity traits are significantly influenced by genetic factors, but genetic contribution varies strongly over age, with heritability of leisure time exercise behavior ranging from 27% to 84% and heritability of sedentary behaviors ranging from 9% to 48%. Second, candidate gene approaches based on animal or human QTLs or on biological relevance (e.g., dopaminergic or cannabinoid activity in the brain, or exercise performance influencing muscle physiology) have not yet yielded the necessary evidence to specify the genetic mechanisms underlying the heritability of physical activity traits. Third, there is significant genetic modulation of the beneficial effects of daily physical activity patterns on strength and endurance improvements and on health-related parameters like body mass index. Further increases in our understanding of the genetic determinants of sedentary and exercise behaviors as well as the genetic modulation of their effects on fitness and health will be key to meaningful future intervention on these behaviors.