Data Sanitization to Reduce Private Information Leakage from Functional Genomics.

Data Sanitization to Reduce Private Information Leakage from Functional Genomics.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.036
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发表时间:
2020-11-12
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Gerstein M
Gerstein M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gürsoy G;Emani P;Brannon CM;Jolanki OA;Harmanci A;Strattan JS;Cherry JM;Miranker AD;Gerstein M

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功能基因组学数据集的产生正在激增,因为它们提供了对基因调控和生物表型的洞察(例如,在癌症中上调的基因)。功能基因组学实验的目的不一定是研究遗传变异,但由于使用了下一代测序技术,它们带来了隐私问题。此外,为了更好的统计能力和一般研究的可重复性,广泛共享原始读数有很大的动机。因此,我们需要超越传统受控访问模式的新共享模式。在这里,我们开发了一个数据净化程序,允许原始功能基因组学读取共享,同时最大限度地减少隐私泄露,实现原则性的隐私效用权衡。我们的方案适用于传统的基于Illumina的测定和更新的技术,如10 x单细胞RNA测序。它涉及通过统计将研究参与者与已知个人联系起来来量化阅读中的隐私泄露。我们使用来自高度准确的参考基因组和更真实的环境样本的数据进行了这些联系。不断增长的功能基因组学数据通过链接攻击使个人隐私面临风险,其风险是量化的,可以使用隐私保护数据格式进行清理。
The generation of functional genomics datasets is surging, as they provide insight into gene regulation and organismal phenotypes (e.g., genes upregulated in cancer). The intent behind functional genomics experiments is not necessarily to study genetic variants, yet they pose privacy concerns due to their use of next-generation sequencing. Moreover, there is a great incentive to broadly share raw reads for better statistical power and general research reproducibility. Thus, we need new modes of sharing beyond traditional controlled-access models. Here, we develop a data-sanitization procedure allowing raw functional genomics reads to be shared while minimizing privacy leakage, enabling principled privacy-utility trade-offs. Our protocol works with traditional Illumina-based assays and newer technologies such as 10x single-cell RNA-sequencing. It involves quantifying the privacy leakage in reads by statistically linking study participants to known individuals. We carried out these linkages using data from highly accurate reference genomes and more realistic environmental samples. Growing functional genomics data puts individual privacy at risk via linkage attacks, the risk of which is quantified and can be sanitized using a privacy-preserving data format.
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