Typicality Effects and the Logic of Reciprocity
Typicality Effects and the Logic of Reciprocity
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典型性效应和互惠逻辑
DOI：
10.3765/salt.v19i0.2537
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yoad Winter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nir Kerem;N. Friedmann;Yoad Winter
在相互表达的解释的可变性已在文献中广泛解决，并收到了详细的语义帐户。在指出先前互惠逻辑解释的中心经验限制之后，我们认为这些方法由于忽略了二元谓词概念的典型化偏好而存在不足之处。我们声称典典性偏好对于解释往复式是至关重要的，并引入了一个新的原则，即最大典典性假设（MTH），它使用Dalrymple等人（1998）中提出的最强意义假设（SMH）的扩展来分析往复式。与SMH不同，SMH是一个隐含地预设谓词概念的经典二值（“定义”）处理的原则，MTH尊重这些概念的模糊性，这些概念表现为它们的典型性偏好，并期望这些偏好与可用于互反表达式的逻辑解释范围之间存在很强的相关性。在对希伯来语使用者进行的一系列实验中得出的新的经验结果支持了预期的相关性。第2节讨论了SMH及其面临的主要挑战。第三节简要回顾了概念理论中关于典型性的先前工作。第4节介绍了MTH及其形式化。第5节讨论了我们用于测试MTH的经验设置，并介绍了我们的实验结果及其分析。第6节分析了这些结果及其对MTH的影响。
The variability in the interpretation of reciprocal expressions has been extensively addressed in the literature and received detailed semantic accounts. After pointing out a central empirical limitation of previous logical accounts of reciprocity, we argue that these approaches suffer from inadequacies due to ignoring typicality preferences with binary predicate concepts. We claim that typicality preferences are crucial for interpreting reciprocals and introduce a new principle, the Maximal Typicality Hypothesis (MTH), which analyzes reciprocals using an extension of the Strongest Meaning Hypothesis (SMH) proposed in Dalrymple et al. (1998) Unlike the SMH, which is a principle that implicitly presupposes a classical two-valued (“definitional”) treatment of predicate concepts, the MTH respects the fuzziness of such concepts as manifested by their typicality preferences, and expects strong correlations between these preferences and the range of logical interpretations available for reciprocal expressions. The expected correlations are supported by new empirical results elicited in a series of experiments with speakers of Hebrew. Section 2 discusses the SMH and a major challenge for it. Section 3 briefly reviews previous work on typicality in the theory of concepts. Section 4 introduces the MTH and its formalization. Section 5 discusses the empirical settings we used for testing the MTH and introduces our experimental results and their analysis. Section 6 analyzes these results and their implication for the MTH.