Examination of approach and avoidance inclinations on the reinforcing value of alcohol.
Examination of approach and avoidance inclinations on the reinforcing value of alcohol.
复制标题
检查酒精增强价值的接近和回避倾向。
DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.005
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Schlauch,RobertC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noyes,EmilyT;Schlauch,RobertC
虽然行为经济学倾向于关注环境因素（即，价格，可用性），影响酒精的价值，最近的研究已经开始解决动机和认知因素如何影响个人对酒精的需求。动机状态，包括渴望，是需求所代表的基于价值的决策的一种可能机制。使用渴望的多维模型（渴望的矛盾模型），目前的研究检查了酒精需求指数之间的关系（即，增强酒精的价值）和渴望（即，接近倾向），以及竞争欲望调节这种关系的方式（即，回避倾向）。在过去一个月内报告饮酒的个人被亚马逊的Mechanical Turk招募参加这项研究。共有529名参与者（平均年龄= 33.03岁，SD= 8.85）完成了一系列调查，评估他们的饮酒行为和其他与酒精相关的措施。多元回归分析表明，虽然接近显著预测强度（即，零成本消耗），Omax（即，最大酒精消耗）和断点（即，第一次夺取消费的价格），回避调节了接近与Omax和断点之间的关系。具体而言，后续分析表明，较高的回避倾向衰减的方法倾斜这些需求指数的影响。最后，尽管方法，避免和酒精需求之间的概念重叠，回归分析表明，这些结构占酒精的结果独特的方差。这些结果说明了考虑的方法和避免倾向对个人的酒精估值的影响的重要性。
Although behavioral economics tends to focus on environmental factors (i.e., price, availability) that act to influence valuation of alcohol, recent research has begun to address how motivational and cognitive factors influence an individual's demand for alcohol. Motivational states, including craving, are one possible mechanism underlying the value based decision making that demand represents. Using a multidimensional model of craving (Ambivalence Model of Craving), the current study examined the relationships between indices of alcohol demand (i.e., reinforcing value of alcohol) and craving (i.e., approach inclinations), and the ways in which competing desires moderate that relationship (i.e., avoidance inclinations). Individuals who reported consuming alcohol in the past month were recruited for the study using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. A total of 529 participants (mean age = 33.03 years,SD= 8.85) completed a series of surveys assessing their drinking behavior and other alcohol-related measures. Multiple regression analyses indicated that while approach significantly predicted intensity (i.e., consumption at zero cost), Omax(i.e., the maximum alcohol expenditure) and breakpoint (i.e., the first price that seizes consumption), avoidance moderated the relationship between approach and Omaxand breakpoint. Specifically, follow up analyses demonstrated that higher avoidance inclinations attenuated the effect of approach inclinations on these demand indices. Finally, despite conceptual overlap between approach, avoidance, and alcohol demand, regression analyses indicated that these constructs account for unique variance in alcohol outcomes. These results illustrate the importance of considering the effects of both approach and avoidance inclinations on an individual's valuation of alcohol.