State Failure in Developing Countries and Institutional Reform Strategies
State Failure in Developing Countries and Institutional Reform Strategies
复制标题
发展中国家的国家失败和体制改革战略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mushtaq H Khan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mushtaq H Khan
关于国家在经济发展中的作用，两种截然不同的理论观点引发了关于发展中国家国家失败的位置和体制改革优先事项的政策辩论。对这一根本区别的不明确一直是许多混乱的根源。我将把支持关于国家的主流共识的主流观点称为服务提供模式，而第二种观点则认为国家在向资本主义过渡的背景下的作用是社会转型模式。服务提供模式侧重于国家应提供的一系列服务，特别是公共产品，如法律和秩序、社会保障和市场监管，并依赖竞争性市场提供所有其他产品和服务。社会转型模型着眼于国家在从基本上是前资本主义和前工业化社会向动态的、基本上是工业化的资本主义社会转型中所扮演的更关键和更成问题的角色。虽然国家确实提供服务，但国家提供服务的模式对正在进行改革的表现不佳的发展中国家具有误导性。从历史上看，服务提供的成功通常取决于国家能否成功地推动社会迅速向可行的资本主义经济转变。国家失败的关键领域是发展中国家缺乏足够的机构和政治能力来协助和加速动态转型。如果没有加强国家这一作用的战略，也不可能在提供服务方面取得持续进展。许多关于改革机构以改善服务提供的共识政策都是基于对理论和证据的部分阅读。往好里说，这些措施不太可能奏效，往坏里说，可能进一步削弱国家确保动态转型的体制和政治能力。
Two radically different theoretical views on the role of the state in economic development have driven policy debates on the location of state failure and the priorities of institutional reform in developing countries. A lack of clarity on this underlying difference has been the source of much confusion. I shall refer to the dominant view, which has underpinned the mainstream consensus on the state, as the service delivery model, and the second view, which looks at the role of the state in the context of the transition to capitalism, as the social transformation model. The service delivery model focuses on a range of services that states should deliver, in particular, public goods such as law and order, social security, and market regulation, and relies on competitive markets to deliver all other goods and services. The social transformation model looks at the more critical and problematic role the state plays in the transformation of essentially precapitalist and pre-industrial societies into dynamic and essentially industrial, capitalist ones. While states do deliver services, the service delivery model of the state is misleading for poorly performing developing country states undergoing reform. Historically, success in service delivery has generally depended on states’ success in pushing social transformation rapidly in the direction of viable capitalist economies. The critical area of state failure has been the absence of adequate institutional and political capacity in developing country states to assist in and accelerate a dynamic transformation. Without strategies to enhance this role of the state, sustained progress on service delivery is also unlikely. Many of the consensus policies on reforming institutions to improve service delivery are based on a partial reading of theory and evidence. They are at best unlikely to work, and at worst could further undermine the state’s institutional and political capacity for ensuring a dynamic transformation.
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3595
发表时间：
1998-03
期刊：
Macroeconomics eJournal
影响因子：
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作者：
R. Hall;C. I. Jones
通讯作者：
R. Hall;C. I. Jones