Does returning sites of historic peri-urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? - A case study near Manchester, UK
Does returning sites of historic peri-urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? - A case study near Manchester, UK
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00438.x
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bailey, E. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atkinson, N. R.;Young, S. D.;Bailey, E. H.
1900 年至 1964 年间，英国曼彻斯特以西的沼泽地进行了城市垃圾处理。开垦的沼泽地查特莫斯 (Chat Moss) 现在用于混合耕作。总共 1.92 公吨的废物，包括厕所垃圾、街道清扫物、熟料和屠宰场垃圾，被纳入苔藓中，形成了表土，与底土相比，表土的 pH 值升高，有机物含量降低。在表土中观察到潜在有毒元素（PTE）水平升高，超出了典型的大气污染深度； Cd 和 As 浓度分别超过土壤指导值 (SGV)，分别为 1.8 和 43 mg/kg。连续萃取表明，废物中的 Pb、Zn 和 Ni 主要保留在残余部分中，而 Cu 主要是有机结合的。砷主要存在于氧化物和有机物馏分中，而镉则存在于碳酸盐、氧化物、有机物和残余物馏分中。盆栽试验表明，在废物改良土壤上种植的蔬菜对 PTE 的吸收有限，但生菜的镉吸收量 (0.22 毫克/千克 FW) 和萝卜的铅吸收量 (0.16 毫克/千克 FW) 除外，分别超出了当前欧盟 0.2 和 0.1 毫克/千克 FW 的限值。风险商 (HQ) 表明，食用这些土壤中种植的蔬菜不会对成年人造成任何风险，但食用生菜的风险商 (HQ) 为 1.4。当生菜、菠菜、胡萝卜和洋葱中的镉、生菜、欧芹和洋葱中的砷以及菠菜中的锌的 HQ >1 时，儿童面临的风险稍大。
Urban waste disposal occurred on fenland to the west of Manchester, England, between 1900 and 1964. The reclaimed fenland, Chat Moss, is now used for mixed arable farming. A total of 1.92 Mt of waste including privy midden, street sweepings, clinkers and slaughterhouse refuse was incorporated into the moss resulting in a modified topsoil with raised pH and reduced organic matter content compared with the subsoil. Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are observed in the topsoil beyond the typical depth of atmospheric contamination; Cd and As concentrations exceed soil guideline values (SGVs) at 1.8 and 43 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction indicates that waste-derived Pb, Zn and Ni remain predominantly in the residual fraction, whereas Cu was mainly organically bound. Arsenic was predominately found in oxide and organic matter fractions with Cd in carbonate, oxide, organic matter and residual fractions. Pot trials indicated limited uptake of PTEs by vegetables grown on the waste-amended soil, with the exception of Cd uptake by lettuce (0.22 mg/kg FW) and Pb uptake by radish (0.16 mg/kg FW), which exceeded current EU limits of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg FW, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) identified no risks to adults from consumption of vegetables grown in these soils with the exception of lettuce consumption with a HQ of 1.4. Risks to children were slightly greater with HQs >1 for Cd in lettuce, spinach, carrots and onion, As in lettuce, parsley and onion and for Zn in spinach.