Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease.
Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0133053
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Roberts SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuess LE;Eisenlord ME;Closek CJ;Tracy AM;Mauntz R;Gignoux-Wolfsohn S;Moritsch MM;Yoshioka R;Burge CA;Harvell CD;Friedman CS;Hewson I;Hershberger PK;Roberts SB
棘皮动物在分类学上位于后口动物的基部，为研究免疫系统的进化提供了重要的系统。然而，人们对棘皮动物免疫相关的细胞成分和基因知之甚少。2013-2014年海星星消耗病爆发是一种紧急的，迅速蔓延的疾病，导致北美太平洋小行星的人口大幅下降。虽然有证据表明，这种疾病的体征，扭转手臂和病变，可能是由于病毒感染，宿主对感染的反应仍然知之甚少。为了检测星星Pycnopodia helianthoides对星星消耗病的转录反应，我们将从症状的P. helianthoides制备的病毒大小的部分（0.2 μm）匀浆注射到明显健康的恒星中。注射后9天，当所有星都显示出疾病的迹象时，处死标本并提取体腔细胞用于RNA-seq分析。许多免疫基因，包括那些参与Toll信号通路，补体级联反应，黑化反应，花生四烯酸代谢，差异表达。此外，参与神经系统过程和组织重塑的基因也有差异表达，指出转录变化是海星星星萎缩病的标志。这里提出的基因组资源不仅增加了对海星星星消耗病的宿主反应的理解，而且还提供了对棘皮动物免疫功能机制的更深入了解。
Echinoderms, positioned taxonomically at the base of deuterostomes, provide an important system for the study of the evolution of the immune system. However, there is little known about the cellular components and genes associated with echinoderm immunity. The 2013–2014 sea star wasting disease outbreak is an emergent, rapidly spreading disease, which has led to large population declines of asteroids in the North American Pacific. While evidence suggests that the signs of this disease, twisting arms and lesions, may be attributed to a viral infection, the host response to infection is still poorly understood. In order to examine transcriptional responses of the sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides to sea star wasting disease, we injected a viral sized fraction (0.2 μm) homogenate prepared from symptomatic P. helianthoides into apparently healthy stars. Nine days following injection, when all stars were displaying signs of the disease, specimens were sacrificed and coelomocytes were extracted for RNA-seq analyses. A number of immune genes, including those involved in Toll signaling pathways, complement cascade, melanization response, and arachidonic acid metabolism, were differentially expressed. Furthermore, genes involved in nervous system processes and tissue remodeling were also differentially expressed, pointing to transcriptional changes underlying the signs of sea star wasting disease. The genomic resources presented here not only increase understanding of host response to sea star wasting disease, but also provide greater insight into the mechanisms underlying immune function in echinoderms.