Comparing Urinary Biomarkers of Airborne and Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Asphalt-Exposed Workers
Comparing Urinary Biomarkers of Airborne and Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Asphalt-Exposed Workers
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mep042
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rappaport, Stephen M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sobus, Jon R.;McClean, Michael D.;Rappaport, Stephen M.
在处理热拌沥青时，道路摊铺者通过吸入蒸汽和颗粒物（PM）以及通过与PM和污染表面的皮肤接触而暴露于多环芳烃（PAHs）。一些四至六环的多环芳烃是存在于这些颗粒排放物中的强致癌物。由于在沥青工人中很少检测到大量多环芳烃的尿液生物标志物，因此人们的注意力集中在更易挥发和丰富的二环和三环多环芳烃的尿液水平上，作为多环芳烃暴露的潜在生物标志物。在这里，我们比较了20名路面摊铺者的空气和皮肤斑块样本中的颗粒多环芳香族化合物（P-PACs，一组含有多环芳香族烃和带有四个或更多环的杂环化合物）的水平与相应的萘（U-Nap）（两个环），菲（U-Phe）（三个环），萘的单羟基代谢物（OH-Nap）和菲（OH-Phe）和1-羟基芘（OH-Pyr）（四个环）的水平。它是多环芳烃暴露最广泛使用的生物标志物。对于每个工人，在连续三个工作日收集每日呼吸区空气（n = 55）和皮肤贴片样本（n = 56），以及轮班后、就寝时间和早晨尿液样本（n = 149）。在控制尿肌酐、吸烟状况、年龄、体重指数和尿液采样时间的同时，P-PACs和尿液分析物的测量水平被用于统计模型暴露与生物标志物之间的关系。下班后、就寝时和第二天早上收集的尿液中OH-Phe的水平都与空气和皮肤斑块样本中p - pac的水平显著相关。对于U-Nap、U-Phe和OH-Pyr， p - pac的空气和皮肤贴片测量值都是下班后尿水平的显著预测因子，皮肤贴片测量值是睡前尿水平（所有三种分析物）和早晨尿水平（仅U-Nap和OH-Pyr）的显著预测因子。肌酐浓度对所有分析物均有显著影响，吸烟状况和体重指数对U-Phe和OH-Pyr分别有适度影响。OH-Nap的水平与空气或皮肤贴片样本中的P-PAC测量值无关，但受吸烟状况、年龄、样本采集日和尿肌酐的显著影响。我们得出结论，U-Nap、U-Phe、OH-Phe和OH-Pyr可以作为暴露于沥青颗粒排放的生物标志物，其中OH-Phe是最有希望的候选物。有迹象表明，U-Nap、U-Phe和OH-Pyr的水平在给定轮班后的晚上与皮肤贴片测量显著相关，再加上睡前人内方差与人间方差的小比例，表明睡前测量可能对调查皮肤多环烃暴露有用。
When working with hot mix asphalt, road pavers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the inhalation of vapors and particulate matter (PM) and through dermal contact with PM and contaminated surfaces. Several PAHs with four to six rings are potent carcinogens which reside in these particulate emissions. Since urinary biomarkers of large PAHs are rarely detectable in asphalt workers, attention has focused upon urinary levels of the more volatile and abundant two-ring and three-ring PAHs as potential biomarkers of PAH exposure. Here, we compare levels of particulate polycyclic aromatic compounds (P-PACs, a group of aromatic hydrocarbons containing PAHs and heterocyclic compounds with four or more rings) in air and dermal patch samples from 20 road pavers to the corresponding urinary levels of naphthalene (U-Nap) (two rings), phenanthrene (U-Phe) (three rings), monohydroxylated metabolites of naphthalene (OH-Nap) and phenanthrene (OH-Phe), and 1-hydroxypyrene (OH-Pyr) (four rings), the most widely used biomarker of PAH exposure. For each worker, daily breathing-zone air (n = 55) and dermal patch samples (n = 56) were collected on three consecutive workdays along with postshift, bedtime, and morning urine samples (n = 149). Measured levels of P-PACs and the urinary analytes were used to statistically model exposure-biomarker relationships while controlling for urinary creatinine, smoking status, age, body mass index, and the timing of urine sampling. Levels of OH-Phe in urine collected postshift, at bedtime, and the following morning were all significantly associated with levels of P-PACs in air and dermal patch samples. For U-Nap, U-Phe, and OH-Pyr, both air and dermal patch measurements of P-PACs were significant predictors of postshift urine levels, and dermal patch measurements were significant predictors of bedtime urine levels (all three analytes) and morning urine levels (U-Nap and OH-Pyr only). Significant effects of creatinine concentration were observed for all analytes, and modest effects of smoking status and body mass index were observed for U-Phe and OH-Pyr, respectively. Levels of OH-Nap were not associated with P-PAC measurements in air or dermal patch samples but were significantly affected by smoking status, age, day of sample collection, and urinary creatinine. We conclude that U-Nap, U-Phe, OH-Phe, and OH-Pyr can be used as biomarkers of exposure to particulate asphalt emissions, with OH-Phe being the most promising candidate. Indications that levels of U-Nap, U-Phe, and OH-Pyr were significantly associated with dermal patch measurements well into the evening after a given work shift, combined with the small ratios of within-person variance components to between-person variance components at bedtime, suggest that bedtime measurements may be useful for investigating dermal PAH exposures.