Nonlinear effects in examples of crowd evacuation scenarios
Nonlinear effects in examples of crowd evacuation scenarios
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人群疏散场景示例中的非线性效应
DOI：
10.1109/itsc.2014.6957749
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Hjorth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Starke;Kristian Berg Thomsen;Asger Sørensen;Christian Marschler;F. Schilder;A. Dederichs;P. Hjorth
当太多的行人不得不在过于拥挤的环境中机动时，就发生了造成许多人死亡的严重事故，比如在群众活动的疏散期间。这表明了更好地了解行人和人群中出现的复杂行为的重要性。为此，我们开发了一个新的微观代理人为基础的行人模型，并研究简化的疏散场景，允许隔离相关的非线性效应和系统的调查。我们关注两个效果：第一，在紧急出口前面的障碍物的位置和大小的影响，通过出口的流量，第二，其他行人对个人的路线选择的影响。第一项研究表明，通过在出口前以适当的方式设置障碍物，可以显著改善通过出口的人流。第二项研究显示出明显的非稳态和滞后效应，表明除了稳定的人流状态外，还存在不稳定的人流状态。此外，这种设置是仅通过疏散场景几何形状的微小变化就彻底改变行人流量的一个例子。研究结果激励了进一步的研究，并最终通过优化大型建筑物，车站，机场和大型活动体育场的设计来进行工程应用。
Severe accidents with many fatalities have occurred when too many pedestrians had to maneuver in too tight surroundings, as during evacuations of mass events. This demonstrates the importance of a better general understanding of pedestrians and emergent complex behavior in crowds. To this end, we develop both a new microscopic agent-based pedestrian model and also study simplified evacuation scenarios which permit the isolation of relevant nonlinear effects and their systematic investigation. We concentrate on two effects: First, the influence of the position and size of an obstacle in front of an emergency exit on the flux through the exit, and second, the influence of other pedestrians on the route choice of an individual. The first investigation demonstrates the possibility of improving substantially the flow through an exit by placing an obstacle in a suitable way in front of it. The latter shows clearly bistable states and hysteresis effects, indicating the existence of unstable pedestrian flow states in addition to the stable states. Furthermore, this set-up is an example of a radical change of the pedestrian flux by only a small change in the geometry of the evacuation scenario. The results motivate further investigation and eventually engineering use by optimizing the design of large buildings, stations, airports and stadiums for mass events.