Modern Clinical Research on LSD.
Modern Clinical Research on LSD.
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2017.86
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liechti ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liechti ME
本文回顾了过去25年来在健康受试者或患者中使用经典迷幻剂麦角酸二乙胺(LSD)进行的所有现代临床研究。最近有五项针对健康参与者的研究和一项针对患者的研究。在受控的环境中，LSD敏锐地诱导了极乐、视听通感、感知意义的改变、去实体化、去人格化和神秘体验。LSD的这些主观效应是由5-HT2a受体介导的。迷幻药增加了与他人的亲密感、开放性、信任感和暗示性。LSD损害了对悲伤和恐惧面孔的识别，降低了左侧杏仁核对恐惧面孔的反应，并增强了情感共鸣。迷幻药增加了对音乐的情感反应和音乐的意义。与精神分裂症的观察结果类似，LSD严重地导致感觉运动门控缺陷。LSD组自主神经兴奋作用弱，血浆皮质醇、催乳素和催产素水平升高。静息状态的功能磁共振研究表明，LSD显著降低了功能大脑网络的完整性，并增加了正常情况下更分散的网络之间的连接。LSD增加了丘脑皮质的功能连接，以及初级视觉皮质与其他大脑区域的功能连接。后一种效应与主观幻觉有关。LSD强烈地诱导了全球脑熵的增加，这与14天后更大的特征开放有关。在与危及生命的疾病相关的焦虑患者中，在服用两剂LSD后，焦虑情绪在2个月内得到缓解。在医疗环境中，没有观察到服用LSD的并发症。这些数据应该有助于进一步研究LSD在精神病学中的治疗潜力。
All modern clinical studies using the classic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy subjects or patients in the last 25 years are reviewed herein. There were five recent studies in healthy participants and one in patients. In a controlled setting, LSD acutely induced bliss, audiovisual synesthesia, altered meaning of perceptions, derealization, depersonalization, and mystical experiences. These subjective effects of LSD were mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor. LSD increased feelings of closeness to others, openness, trust, and suggestibility. LSD impaired the recognition of sad and fearful faces, reduced left amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, and enhanced emotional empathy. LSD increased the emotional response to music and the meaning of music. LSD acutely produced deficits in sensorimotor gating, similar to observations in schizophrenia. LSD had weak autonomic stimulant effects and elevated plasma cortisol, prolactin, and oxytocin levels. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance studies showed that LSD acutely reduced the integrity of functional brain networks and increased connectivity between networks that normally are more dissociated. LSD increased functional thalamocortical connectivity and functional connectivity of the primary visual cortex with other brain areas. The latter effect was correlated with subjective hallucinations. LSD acutely induced global increases in brain entropy that were associated with greater trait openness 14 days later. In patients with anxiety associated with life-threatening disease, anxiety was reduced for 2 months after two doses of LSD. In medical settings, no complications of LSD administration were observed. These data should contribute to further investigations of the therapeutic potential of LSD in psychiatry.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Dolder PC;Schmid Y;Steuer AE;Kraemer T;Rentsch KM;Hammann F;Liechti ME
通讯作者：
Liechti ME
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Dolder, Patrick C.;Liechti, Matthias E.;Rentsch, Katharina M.
通讯作者：
Rentsch, Katharina M.
DOI：
10.1177/0269881116675513
发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Griffiths RR;Johnson MW;Carducci MA;Umbricht A;Richards WA;Richards BD;Cosimano MP;Klinedinst MA
通讯作者：
Klinedinst MA
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Carhart-Harris, Robin L.;Leech, Robert;Nutt, David J.
通讯作者：
Nutt, David J.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Gasser, Peter;Kirchner, Katharina;Passie, Torsten
通讯作者：
Passie, Torsten