Socio-economic patterning of expenditures on 'out-of-home' food and non-alcoholic beverages by product and place of purchase in Britain
Socio-economic patterning of expenditures on 'out-of-home' food and non-alcoholic beverages by product and place of purchase in Britain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112361
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Smith, Richard D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cornelsen, Laura;Berger, Nicolas;Smith, Richard D.
虽然大多数食物都是在家里吃的，但在家里吃的食物在饮食中扮演着重要的角色，这与更高的能量摄入量和更高的体重有关。除了准备好的饭菜外，人们对外出购买哪些食物以及从哪里购买这些食物的了解有限。这项研究分析了按食物类别和食物销售点类型购买的户外食物，并估计了这些支出模式中的社会经济差异。我们使用了英国9704名受访者(2015年6月至2017年12月)在食品和非酒精饮料上的全国代表性产品级支出数据集(n=2734,987)。人口加权估计数为人均每周支出和支出份额，分为四种类型和八种食品类别。我们使用线性多水平模型来确定以职业社会等级为特征的社会经济地位(SES)支出模式的差异。户外消费占食品和饮料总支出的25%-39%。中等和高社会保障水平的受访者在户外食物消费上的花费几乎是前者的两倍(分别为17.76英镑和15.11英镑)，而低社会保障水平的受访者则为9.69英镑。在整个SES中，三分之一的支出(36%-37%)花在了餐馆或快餐和外卖店以外的场所。餐饮占支出的60%，但三分之一的支出花在饮料(10%-12%的非酒精冷饮，17%-18%的热饮料)和9%-10%的零食上。中等和低SES受访者在外卖和快餐店、超市和便利店以及冷饮方面的支出比例更高。总体而言，SES低的受访者在户外食品上的支出较少，但不同食品或门店的支出比例差异较小。虽然餐馆、快餐和外卖店是户外购物的主要来源，但有相当大一部分人是在其他商店消费的。因此，针对户外消费的政策应考虑食品的全部种类以及销售地点的多样性。
While most food is consumed at home, food eaten out-of-home plays an important role in diets and it has been associated with higher energy intake and higher body weight. Beyond prepared meals, there is limited understanding of what foods people buy out-of-home and where they buy them from. This study analyses out-of-home food purchases by food groups and food outlet types, and estimates socio-economic differences in these expenditure patterns. We used a nationally representative product-level dataset of expenditures (n = 2,734,987) on foods and non-alcoholic beverages for out-of-home consumption for 9,704 respondents in Great Britain (June 2015-December 2017). Population weighted estimates of per capita weekly expenditures and shares of expenditure were derived for four outlet types and eight food groups. We used linear multi-level modelling to determine differences in expenditure patterns by socio-economic status (SES) characterised via occupational social grade. Out-of-home purchases make up 25-39% of total food and beverage expenditures. Mid- and high-SES respondents spent nearly twice as much (17.76 pound and 15.11 pound weekly), compared to low-SES respondents (9.69) pound for out-ofhome food consumption. A third of expenditures across SES (36-37%) were spent in venues other than restaurants or fast-food and takeaway outlets. Meals accounted for 60% of expenditures, but a third was spent on beverages (10-12% non-alcoholic cold beverages, 17-18% hot beverages) and 9-10% on snacks. Mid- and low-SES respondents had a greater share of expenditure in takeaway and fast-food outlets, supermarkets and convenience stores, and on cold non-alcoholic beverages. Overall, low-SES respondents spent less on out-of-home foods but the share of this expenditure across different foods or outlets varied less. While restaurants, fast-food and takeaway outlets were a major source of out-of-home purchases, a significant proportion was spent in other outlets. Policies targeting out-of-home consumption should therefore consider the full range of foods as well as the diversity of places where they are sold.