SEMANTIC PRIMING IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS - EVIDENCE FOR AGE CONSTANCY IN AUTOMATIC AND ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES
SEMANTIC PRIMING IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS - EVIDENCE FOR AGE CONSTANCY IN AUTOMATIC AND ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.13.1.79
复制
发表时间：
1987-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
DIAZ, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BURKE, DM;WHITE, H;DIAZ, DL
在年轻人和老年人中，对语义启动的自动成分和注意成分及其与情景记忆的关系进行了评估。类别名充当主词，主词与随后的词汇决定目标的关联度与目标类别是预期的还是意想不到的成正比。在410ms的初级目标刺激开始异步化(SOA)下，同一类别的目标词比不同类别的目标词具有更快的词汇决定潜伏期。在1,550毫秒的SOA中，这种影响并不显著，并归因于自动流程。在410毫秒的SOA中，预期的类别目标比意外的类别目标具有更快的延迟，并且影响的幅度在1,550毫秒的SOA中增加。这种效应归因于注意过程。这两个年龄段的人都获得了这些启动模式，但在一项令人惊讶的记忆测试中，老年人对启动和目标的回忆较差。我们讨论了这些结果对于老年人在选择性注意方面存在缺陷的假设，以及对于相关假设的影响，即注意缺陷会损害语义处理，从而导致老年记忆力下降。
Automatic and attentional components of semantic priming and the relation of each to episodic memory were evaluated in young and older adults. Category names served as prime words, and the relatedness of the prime to a subsequent lexical decision target was varied orthogonally with whether the target category was expected or unexpected. At a prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of 410 ms, target words in the same category had faster lexical decision latencies than did different category targets. This effect was not significant at a 1,550-ms SOA and was attributed to automatic processes. Expected category targets had faster latencies than unexpected category targets at the 410-ms SOA, and the magnitude of the effect increased at the 1,550-ms SOA. This effect was attributed to attentional processes. These patterns of priming were obtained for both age groups, but in a surprise memory test older adults had poorer recall of primes and targets. We discuss the implications of these results for the hypothesis that older adults suffer deficits in selective attention and for the related hypothesis that attentional deficits impair semantic processing, which causes memory decrements in old age.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)