How much protein is safe?
How much protein is safe?
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ijo.0803095
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Riva, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agostoni, C;Scaglioni, S;Riva, E
背景技术背景：由于母乳喂养和母乳似乎可以预防肥胖，而出生后2年内摄入高蛋白质似乎会促进后来的超重，因此人们对早年蛋白质的安全水平提出了质疑。多少蛋白质（占总卡路里摄入量的百分比）是安全的？方法：对母乳中蛋白质含量、生命头2年蛋白质摄入量及其与体重发育的关系的现有数据进行修订。结果：我们应该从4个月纯母乳喂养婴儿的7-8%这一数字上升到12-24个月婴儿的14%这一最大可接受水平。当蛋白质供应低于6%且能量有限时，完全母乳喂养的婴儿可能会进入负营养平衡状态。在6-24个月期间，超过14%的能量来自蛋白质，某些机制可能开始运作，导致幼儿过早肥胖反弹和超重发展，超出任何遗传倾向。初步的数据似乎表明了一个因果关系的作用，为全牛的牛奶protein.CONCLUSION：我们建议保持母乳喂养尽可能长的时间，并在情况下，人乳是不够的，引入婴儿配方奶粉，适合年龄，长达18-24个月，以保持蛋白质摄入量在8-12%的安全范围内的饮食足够的能量和均衡的常量营养素。
BACKGROUND: Since breastfeeding and human milk seem to prevent, while high dietary proteins in the first 2 y of life seem to promote, later overweight, questions have been raised on the safe levels of proteins in the early years. How much protein (as a percentage of total calorie intake) is safe?METHODS: Revision of available data on the protein content of human milk, protein intake in the first 2 y of life and their association with body mass development.RESULTS: We should move from the figure of 7-8% in the 4-month exclusively breastfed infants up to the maximum acceptable levels of 14% in 12-24-month-old infants. When protein supply represents less than 6% and energy is limited, fully breastfed infants are likely to enter a status of negative nutrient balance. Over the limit of 14% energy from proteins in the 6-24 months period, some mechanisms may begin to operate, leading young children towards an early adiposity rebound and overweight development, beyond any genetic predisposition. Preliminary data seem to indicate a causal role for whole cow's milk proteins.CONCLUSION: We suggest maintaining breastfeeding as long as possible, and, in case human milk is insufficient, to introduce infant formulas, appropriate for age, up to 18-24 months, in order to keep protein intakes in the safe range of 8-12% within a diet adequate in energy and balanced as far as macronutrients.