Options from life-cycle analysis for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production systems
Options from life-cycle analysis for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production systems
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减少农作物和畜牧生产系统温室气体排放的生命周期分析选项
DOI：
10.5836/ijam/2013-02-02
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Audsley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wilkinson;E. Audsley
利用基于系统模型的环境负担和资源利用生命周期分析，探讨了在12个作物系统和7个牲畜系统中减少温室气体排放（以全球变暖潜势衡量）的方案。作物间每公斤产品温室气体含量的差异反映了每公顷产量的差异。发现每公斤作物减少温室气体排放的技术变化：(i)总氮减少20%（除豆类外的所有作物）；（ii）免耕（仅限谷物和豆类）和（iii）不使用秸秆（谷物和油菜）。温室气体排放量减少幅度从2%（甜菜）到15%（谷物）不等。每公斤作物的温室气体排放量也通过提高作物产量20%而减少。通过确定每个畜牧业部门每公斤产品温室气体排放量减少最多的系统，估计了减少牲畜温室气体排放的最大潜力。替代系统可使温室气体排放量减少7%（来自奶牛群的牛肉）至21%（羊肉）。氮素利用效率（NUE）在油菜48% ~甜菜85%之间，在羊肉5.8% ~禽肉33%之间。结果表明，生产力和资源利用效率的提高降低了单位产品的温室气体排放，提高了氮肥利用效率。
Options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), measured as global warming potential, in twelve crop and seven livestock systems were explored using a systems model-based life-cycle analysis of environmental burdens and resource use. Differences between crops in GHGE per kg product reflected differences in yield per hectare. Technological changes found to reduce GHGE per kg of crop were: (i) 20% decrease in total N (all crops except legumes); (ii) no-till (cereals and legumes only) and (iii) no straw incorporation (cereals and rape). Reductions in GHGE ranged from 2% (sugar beet) to 15% (cereals). GHGE per kg crop were also reduced by increasing crop yields by 20%. The maximum potential to reduce livestock GHGE was estimated by identifying for each livestock sector the system which gave the greatest reduction in GHGE per kg of product. Alternative systems were associated with reductions in GHGE of between 7% (beef from the dairy herd) and 21% (sheep meat). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 48% for oilseed rape to 85% for sugar beet, and from 5.8% for sheep meat to 33% for poultry meat production. The results indicate that improvements in productivity and efficiency of resource use result in lower GHGE per unit of product and increased NUE.