The future of microbial ecological niche theory and modeling

The future of microbial ecological niche theory and modeling
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微生物生态位理论和建模的未来

DOI:
10.1111/nph.17373
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
9.4
通讯作者:
Averill, Colin
Averill, Colin
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kivlin, Stephanie N.;Hawkes, Christine V.;Papeş, Monica;Treseder, Kathleen K.;Averill, Colin

文献摘要

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生态位理论,描述了一个有机体的生存和繁殖的环境要求,几十年来一直是生态学的核心原则(哈钦森,1957)。虽然植物(Enquist等人,2016)和动物(Moran-Ordonez等人,2017)生态位已被广泛研究,微生物生态位的表征落后于较大的植物群和动物群。尽管在确定有害微生物的小生境方面取得了进展,例如人类病原体(例如粗球孢子菌,山谷热的病原体; Gorriset等人,2019)和毒蘑菇(例如鹅膏菌(Amanita phalloides); Wolfe等人,2010),影响许多微生物的地理学和环境驱动因素仍然是隐藏的。在本期《新植物学家》中,戴维森等人的开创性工作。(2021; pp. 763-776)首次揭示了微生物,丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的整个功能性行业的有机体生态位。戴维森等人的开创性工作(2021)首次揭示了微生物,丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的整个功能性行业的有机体生态位。AM真菌在地理上广泛分布(Kivlin,2020),并且与高达72%的植物物种相关(Soudzilovskaia等人,2020年),形成了一个基本的共生关系,植物为真菌提供碳,以换取矿化的土壤养分(Parniske,2008年)。因此,AM真菌可以显著改变植物群落组成,提高农业产量,并影响生态系统的生物地球化学循环(货车der Heijden等人,1998年)。考虑到它们的社会和生态重要性,一些最初的研究探索了AM真菌的单一生态位轴(例如植物宿主; Davison等人,2020)或单个AM真菌物种的生态位(Kivlin等人,2017年)。然而,尽管它们在生态系统中发挥着关键作用,但一直缺乏对AM真菌生态位的全面,行业协会级的了解。
Niche theory, the description of an organism’s environmental requirements for survival and reproduction, has been a central tenet of ecology for decades (Hutchinson, 1957). While plant (Enquist et al., 2016) and animal (Moran-Ordonez et al., 2017) niches have been extensively studied, characterization of microbial niches has lagged behind that of larger flora and fauna. Despite advances in defining niches of harmful microorganisms, such as human pathogens (eg Coccidioides immitis, causative agent of Valley Fever; Gorriset al., 2019) and poisonous mushrooms (eg Amanita phalloides; Wolfe et al., 2010), the biogeography and environmental drivers influencing many microorganisms are still hidden. In this issue of New Phytologist, the groundbreaking work by Davison et al.(2021; pp. 763–776) sheds light on organismal niches for a whole functional guild of microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, for the first time.‘... the groundbreaking work by Davison et al.(2021) sheds light on organismal niches for a whole functional guild of microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, for the first time.’AM fungi are geographically widespread (Kivlin, 2020) and associate with up to 72% of plant species (Soudzilovskaia et al., 2020), forming a foundational symbiosis where plants provide fungi with carbon in exchange for mineralized soil nutrients (Parniske, 2008). As such, AM fungi can substantially alter plant community composition, enhance agricultural yields, and impact ecosystem biogeochemical cycles (van der Heijden et al., 1998). Given their societal and ecological importance, some initial investigations probed single niche axes of AM fungi (eg plant hosts; Davison et al., 2020) or the niche of a single AM fungal species (Kivlin et al., 2017). Yet, despite their pivotal role in ecosystems, a comprehensive, guild-level understanding of AM fungal niches has been lacking.