Understanding each other's models: an introduction and a standard representation of 16 global water models to support intercomparison, improvement, and communication
Understanding each other's models: an introduction and a standard representation of 16 global water models to support intercomparison, improvement, and communication
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DOI：
10.5194/gmd-14-3843-2021
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
C. Telteu;Hannes Müller Schmied;W. Thiery;G. Leng;P. Burek;Xingcai Liu;J. Boulange;L. Andersen;M. Grillakis;S. Gosling;Y. Satoh;O. Rakovec;T. Stacke;Jinfeng Chang;N. Wanders;Harsh L. Shah;Tim Trautmann;Ganquan Mao;N. Hanasaki;A. Koutroulis;Y. Pokhrel;L. Samaniego;Y. Wada;V. Mishra;Junguo Liu;P. Döll;Fang Zhao;A. Gädeke;Sam S. Rabin;F. Herz
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Telteu;Hannes Müller Schmied;W. Thiery;G. Leng;P. Burek;Xingcai Liu;J. Boulange;L. Andersen;M. Grillakis;S. Gosling;Y. Satoh;O. Rakovec;T. Stacke;Jinfeng Chang;N. Wanders;Harsh L. Shah;Tim Trautmann;Ganquan Mao;N. Hanasaki;A. Koutroulis;Y. Pokhrel;L. Samaniego;Y. Wada;V. Mishra;Junguo Liu;P. Döll;Fang Zhao;A. Gädeke;Sam S. Rabin;F. Herz
抽象的。全球水模型（GWM）模拟全球范围内的陆地水循环，并用于评估气候变化对淡水系统的影响。GWM是在不同的建模框架内开发的，考虑了不同的基本水文过程，导致不同的模型结构。此外，用于描述各种过程的方程采用不同的形式，并且通常只能从各个模型代码中访问。这些因素阻碍了对不同模型如何运作的全面和详细的理解，但这种理解对于解释模型评估研究的结果，理解模型间模拟的差异以及确定未来模型开发的领域至关重要。这项研究提供了一个全面的概述如何设计16个国家的最先进的GWM。我们分析了蓄水舱，水流和人类用水部门，这些部门包括在为部门间影响模型相互比较项目第2b阶段（ISIMIP 2b）提供模拟的模型中。我们为模型方程开发了一种标准的写作风格，以加强模型的相互比较，改进和交流。在这项研究中，WaterGAP 2使用了最多的储水室，11个，而CWatM使用了10个。6个模型使用6个隔室，而4个模型（DBH、JULES-W1、Mac-PDM.20和维克）使用最低数量，3个隔室。WaterGAP 2模拟了五个人类用水部门，而四个模型（CLM4.5，CLM5.0，LPJmL和MPI-HM）仅模拟灌溉部门的水。我们的结论是，即使水文过程往往是基于类似的方程为各种过程，最终这些方程已被调整或模型已使用不同的值为特定的参数或特定的变量。在这项研究中分析的模型之间的相似性和差异，预计将使我们能够减少多模型集成的不确定性，改善现有的水文过程，并整合新的过程。
Abstract. Global water models (GWMs) simulate the terrestrial water cycle on the global scale and are used to assess the impacts of climate change on freshwater systems. GWMs are developed within different modelling frameworks and consider different underlying hydrological processes, leading to varied model structures. Furthermore, the equations used to describe various processes take different forms and are generally accessible only from within the individual model codes. These factors have hindered a holistic and detailed understanding of how different models operate, yet such an understanding is crucial for explaining the results of model evaluation studies, understanding inter-model differences in their simulations, and identifying areas for future model development. This study provides a comprehensive overview of how 16 state-of-the-art GWMs are designed. We analyse water storage compartments, water flows, and human water use sectors included in models that provide simulations for the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b (ISIMIP2b). We develop a standard writing style for the model equations to enhance model intercomparison, improvement, and communication. In this study, WaterGAP2 used the highest number of water storage compartments, 11, and CWatM used 10 compartments. Six models used six compartments, while four models (DBH, JULES-W1, Mac-PDM.20, and VIC) used the lowest number, three compartments. WaterGAP2 simulates five human water use sectors, while four models (CLM4.5, CLM5.0, LPJmL, and MPI-HM) simulate only water for the irrigation sector. We conclude that, even though hydrological processes are often based on similar equations for various processes, in the end these equations have been adjusted or models have used different values for specific parameters or specific variables. The similarities and differences found among the models analysed in this study are expected to enable us to reduce the uncertainty in multi-model ensembles, improve existing hydrological processes, and integrate new processes.