Migration, remittances and smallholder decision-making: implications for land use and livelihood change in Central America.

Migration, remittances and smallholder decision-making: implications for land use and livelihood change in Central America.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.001
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发表时间:
2014-01
期刊:
影响因子:
7.1
通讯作者:
Lopez-Carr, David
Lopez-Carr, David
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davis, Jason;Lopez-Carr, David

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我们模拟中美洲移民派遣家庭农业实践的劳动力损失和随之而来的汇款注入。在新的劳动力迁移经济学(NELM)框架下,假设小农家庭将汇款收入投资于他们的土地,以增加作物产量或过渡到养牛。我们测试这一假设,开发一个多变量的逻辑,泊松和β回归技术相结合,使用拉丁美洲移民项目的数据,以确定农业土地利用变化之间的比较移民和非移民家庭在哥斯达黎加,萨尔瓦多萨尔瓦多,危地马拉和尼加拉瓜。结果表明,在国外花费的月数和汇款的增加并没有转化为农业销售、集约化或向养牛业过渡的更高百分比----这与国家生态和土地管理背道而驰。然而,农民正在将汇款用于投资,以增加中耕作物和牧场的占有量。这些研究结果表明,汇款投资在数量上的增加,而不是质量上的变化,土地使用的做法。由于对土地的需求量很大,需要支持低密度的小农农业和养牛业,特别是养牛业造成的土地退化,这一趋势对国际汇款日益改变的农村景观的可持续性来说不是一个好兆头。支持中美洲人地结合系统可持续性的适当政策,可考虑采用可行的土地使用替代办法,专门用于扩大作物和牧场的汇款投资。
We model Central American migrant-sending household agricultural practices given labor losses and the concomitant infusion of remittances. Under the new economics of labor migration (NELM) framework, it is hypothesized that smallholder farm households invest remittance income in their land either to increase crop production or to transition to cattle ranching. We test this hypothesis by developing a combination of multivariate logistic, Poisson and beta regression techniques using Latin American Migration Project data to determine how agricultural land use change compared among migrant and non-migrant households in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Results indicate that a rise in months spent abroad and remittances returned do not translate into a higher percentage of farm sales, intensification or transition to cattle ranching – counter to NELM. However, farmers are investing remittances to increase row crop and pasture land holdings. These findings suggest remittance investments in quantitative increase rather than qualitative change in land use practices. Given the expansive land demands supporting low intensity smallholder agriculture and cattle, and the land degradation cattle precipitate particularly, the trend does not augur well for the sustainability of rural landscapes increasingly transformed by international remittances. Appropriate policies to champion coupled human-land system sustainability in Central America might usefully consider viable land use alternatives to remittance investments dedicated to crop and pasture expansion.
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