Flavonoids, Dairy Foods, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Review of Emerging Biologic Pathways.
Flavonoids, Dairy Foods, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Review of Emerging Biologic Pathways.
复制标题
类黄酮，乳制品和心血管和代谢健康：新兴生物学途径的评论。
DOI：
10.1161/circresaha.117.309008
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发表时间：
2018-01-19
影响因子：
20.1
通讯作者：
Wu JHY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mozaffarian D;Wu JHY
越来越多的营养科学强调不同食物对心脏代谢影响的复杂机制和多效性途径。其中，一些最令人兴奋的进展发生在类黄酮领域，即植物食品中发现的生物活性植物化学物质；以及乳制品领域，包括牛奶、酸奶和奶酪。许多相关的成分和机制途径现在正在被阐明，这为饮食如何影响健康和福祉的成分和途径提供了新的线索。例如，类黄酮类化合物对骨骼肌、脂肪细胞、肝脏和胰腺以及心肌、肾脏和免疫细胞都有影响，例如与AMPK磷酸化、eNOS激活和抑制NF-κB和TLR4有关。乳制品的影响也同样复杂，可能通过特定的氨基酸、中链和奇链饱和脂肪、不饱和脂肪、支链脂肪、天然反式脂肪、益生菌、维生素K1/K2和钙以及发酵和均质等过程来调节。乳制品的这些特性影响了多种途径，包括与哺乳动物靶标雷帕霉素、沉默信息调节因子转录本-1、血管紧张素转换酶、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、骨钙素、基质谷氨酸蛋白、肝脏新生脂肪生成、肝脏和脂肪脂肪酸氧化和炎症以及肠道微生物组相互作用，如肠道完整性和内毒素血症。这些新出现的途径和相应的生物反应的复杂性突显了营养科学的快速进步，以及继续需要就特定食物的机制和临床效应产生强有力的经验证据。
A growing body of nutritional science highlights the complex mechanisms and pleiotropic pathways of cardiometabolic effects of different foods. Among these, some of the most exciting advances are occurring in the area of flavonoids, bioactive phytochemicals found in plant foods; and in the area of dairy, including milk, yogurt, and cheese. Many of the relevant ingredients and mechanistic pathways are now being clarified, shedding new light on both the ingredients and the pathways for how diet influences health and well-being. Flavonoids, for example, have effects on skeletal muscle, adipocytes, liver and pancreas, and myocardial, renal, and immune cells, for instance related to AMPK phosphorylation, eNOS activation, and suppression of NF-κB and TLR4. Effects of dairy are similarly complex and may be mediated by specific amino acids, medium-chain and odd-chain saturated fats, unsaturated fats, branched-chain fats, natural trans fats, probiotics, vitamin K1/K2, and calcium, as well as by processing such as fermentation and homogenization. These characteristics of dairy foods influence diverse pathways including related to mammalian target of rapamycin, silent information regulator transcript-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, osteocalcin, matrix glutamate protein, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic and adipose fatty acid oxidation and inflammation, and gut microbiome interactions such as intestinal integrity and endotoxemia. The complexity of these emerging pathways and corresponding biologic responses highlights the rapid advances in nutritional science and the continued need to generate robust empiric evidence on the mechanistic and clinical effects of specific foods.