Oligodendroglial membrane dynamics in relation to myelin biogenesis.
Oligodendroglial membrane dynamics in relation to myelin biogenesis.
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与髓磷脂生物发生有关的少突胶质膜动力学。
DOI：
10.1007/s00018-016-2228-8
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kahya N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ozgen H;Baron W;Hoekstra D;Kahya N
在中枢神经系统中，少突胶质细胞合成专门的膜，髓鞘膜，其以多层方式包裹轴突以提供快速动作电位传导并确保轴突完整性。当与其他膜相比时，髓鞘膜的组成是独特的，其相对高的脂质与蛋白质的比例。它们的生物发生是相当复杂的，需要严格的调控顺序事件，这是放松管制的脱髓鞘疾病，如多发性硬化症。为了设计用于补救这些缺陷的策略，了解髓鞘组装和动力学的分子机制是至关重要的，包括特定脂质在健康与患病髓鞘膜中组织蛋白质和/或介导蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的能力。髓磷脂膜形成的严格调控已经用经典的生物化学和细胞生物学技术在体外和体内进行了广泛的研究。然而，我们的知识髓鞘膜动力学，如膜流动性与蛋白质和脂质在膜中的运动/扩散和特异性和不同的脂质-蛋白质和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的作用，是有限的。在这里，我们提供了一个关于髓鞘结构的髓鞘脂质，蛋白质和膜微区方面的最新研究结果的概述。为了深入了解髓鞘膜动力学，我们将特别强调模型膜和先进生物物理技术的应用，即，这些方法显然为通过经典生物化学技术获得的见解提供了附加值。
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes synthesize a specialized membrane, the myelin membrane, which enwraps the axons in a multilamellar fashion to provide fast action potential conduction and to ensure axonal integrity. When compared to other membranes, the composition of myelin membranes is unique with its relatively high lipid to protein ratio. Their biogenesis is quite complex and requires a tight regulation of sequential events, which are deregulated in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To devise strategies for remedying such defects, it is crucial to understand molecular mechanisms that underlie myelin assembly and dynamics, including the ability of specific lipids to organize proteins and/or mediate protein–protein interactions in healthy versus diseased myelin membranes. The tight regulation of myelin membrane formation has been widely investigated with classical biochemical and cell biological techniques, both in vitro and in vivo. However, our knowledge about myelin membrane dynamics, such as membrane fluidity in conjunction with the movement/diffusion of proteins and lipids in the membrane and the specificity and role of distinct lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions, is limited. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings about the myelin structure in terms of myelin lipids, proteins and membrane microdomains. To give insight into myelin membrane dynamics, we will particularly highlight the application of model membranes and advanced biophysical techniques, i.e., approaches which clearly provide an added value to insight obtained by classical biochemical techniques.