Using small data to interpret big data: 311 reports as individual contributions to informal social control in urban neighborhoods
Using small data to interpret big data: 311 reports as individual contributions to informal social control in urban neighborhoods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.009
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
O'Brien, Daniel Tumminelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O'Brien, Daniel Tumminelli
非正式的社会控制被认为是城市社区福祉的一个重要组成部分。虽然有些人认为，构成这一社会过程的行动通常被认为是反映领土，但人们对个人如何贡献这一过程知之甚少。目前的研究利用了波士顿市收到的60多万份政府服务请求的数据库，MA的311系统作为回答这些问题的一种方式，特别侧重于报告公共空间因不文明行为而产生的问题。为了建立311系统的“大数据”的结构效度，它们与311个用户的调查的“小数据”相结合，允许同时分析客观报告行为和自我报告态度。分析分两部分进行。首先，对不文明行为的报道在行为上有别于对自然退化引起的公共问题的报道，人们被发现专门从事其中一种。第二，调查被用来检验报告是否反映了属地性。关于不文明行为的报道是独一无二的，因为它们与强制执行当地社会规范的愿望有关。它们还与造福社区的第二个领土动机有关。对未来研究的意义进行了讨论。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Informal social control is considered a vital component of the well-being of urban communities. Though some argue that the actions that constitute this social process are often said to reflect territoriality, little else is known about how individuals contribute to it. The current study leverages a database of over 600,000 requests for government services received by the city of Boston, MA's 311 system as a way to answer such questions, focusing particularly on reports of issues in the public space arising from incivilities. In order to establish construct validity for the "big data" of the 311 system, they are combined with the "small data" of a survey of 311 users, permitting the simultaneous analysis of objective reporting behaviors with self-report attitudes. The analysis occurs in two parts. First, reporting of incivilities is distinguished behaviorally from reporting public issues arising from natural deterioration, and people are found to specialize in one or the other. Second, the survey is used to test whether the reports are a reflection of territoriality. Reports of incivilities were unique in their association with a desire to enforce local social norms. They were also associated with a second territorial motivation to benefit the community. Implications for future research are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.