Ship propulsion by Kites combining energy production by Laddermill principle and direct kite propulsion
Ship propulsion by Kites combining energy production by Laddermill principle and direct kite propulsion
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
B. Lansdorp;W. Ockels;R. Ruiterkamp
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作者：
B. Lansdorp;W. Ockels;R. Ruiterkamp
利用大型风筝推进船舶已被证明是可行的和壮观的。在这里，我们提出了一个更异国情调的推进机制的基础上，Laddermill装置安装在船上结合生产电力从风和更传统的航行风力。研究了这一概念的可行性。结果表明，有了这个新的概念，有可能驾驶一艘船直接进入风！当风筝推力乘以缆绳速度到船推力乘以速度的总效率可以达到50%左右时，这种推进方法将更加引人注目。在这种情况下，从技术上讲，50%似乎是可行的，船可以由风能推动，其速度实际上与风向无关！这种能力很可能会改变世界的航海业。风筝已经被用于新颖的运动，如风筝buggying，冲浪和雪地风筝。最近，风筝已被用作一种新的船舶推进方法，其目的是减少大型远洋船舶的燃料消耗（Skysails，http://www.skysails.com）或产生用于娱乐用途的大型船舶速度（http：www.kiteboat.com，德尔夫特理工大学的ASSET小组正在开发一种基于梯磨机原理的发电机。最初的梯形磨坊想法于1998年获得专利（W. J. Ockels）。Laddermill使用通过电缆连接到地面站的风筝，该地面站使用真实的发电机将风筝的风力提升力转换为电力。上升的风筝被带到一个位置，以创造一个比下降的风筝更大的力量。例如，这可以通过改变姿态（AOA）或通过操纵（机动力）或改变表面尺寸（折叠）或这些的组合来实现。Laddermill目前被实现为具有一个或多个风筝的单缆系统，所述风筝将以高的力放出并且以低的拉力收进。（“泵送Laddermill”）泵送Laddermill已经建造并测试。使用新安装的“Kitelab”在教学楼的屋顶上进行各种实验（见图3）。Laddermill系统的几种应用正在研究中，例如高海拔发电站（高达9000米）。另一个非常有趣的应用是本文进一步阐述的Laddermill推进船。在该应用中，Laddermill的地面站被放置在船上，通过该地面站产生电力。对于先进的风筝，它可以表明，发电力是显着大于阻力。在那种情况下，船可以逆风航行。事实上，船逆风的速度增加了风筝所处的风速（视风）。由于空气动力相应增加的大部分是产生电力而不是阻力（高升力比阻力风筝），船舶利用了这一现象。在其他风向，Laddermill风筝将旁边产生电力也拉船。其结果是，组合船舶推进可以或多或少独立于风向，如下所示。Laddermill概念最初的Laddermill概念被认为是在风筝上升和下降的闭环系统中实现的，该系统提供恒定的功率来驱动发电机。然而，我们小组最近的研究表明，两级泵送梯磨机配置更实用，更容易实现。在该配置中，存在产生能量的上冲程和将设备复位到其原始状态的下冲程。在初始状态下，风筝线的大部分缠绕在连接到发电机/电动机组合的鼓上。风筝运动和大迎角的组合作用提供了大的线张力，通过将线从鼓上拉下来，该张力被转换成旋转运动。在这种上升过程中产生能量。当所有的风筝线都从滚筒上卷起时，风筝在飞行包线中保持静止，并被配置为最小拉力，即迎角。现在，所产生的能量的一部分用于驱动滚筒并取回图2。飞行包线（西雅图Airgear）http://www.peterlynnkites.co.nz/vehicles/boats/boats.htm）.2003）
The use of large kites in ship propulsion has been shown as both feasible and spectacular. Here we propose an even more exotic propulsion mechanism based on a Laddermill apparatus mounted on a ship combining production of electrical power from wind and the more traditional sailing by wind force. The feasibility of this concept is investigated. The results show that with this novel concept it is possible to sail a ship straight into the wind! Even more spectacular will the method of propulsion be when the overall efficiency from kite thrust times cable speed towards ship thrust times speed can be made around 50%. In that case, and technically 50% seems feasible, the ship can be propelled by wind energy with a resulting speed that is practically independent from the wind direction! Such a capability could well change the world’s seafaring. Introduction Kites have been in use in novel sports such as kite -buggying, surfing and snow kiting. Recently kites have been employed as a new ship propulsion method where the aim is either the reduction of fuel consumption for large ocean going vessels (Skysails, http://www.skysails.com) or the generation of large boat speeds for recreational use (http://www.kiteboat.com, The ASSET group at the Delft University of Technology is developing an electrical power generator based on the laddermill principle. The original laddermill idea was patented in 1998 (W.J. Ockels) . The Laddermill is using kites that are connected by a cable to a ground station, which using a real and generator to transfer the wind lifting power of the kites to electrical power. The ascending kites are brought in a position to create a larger force than the descending kites. Such is achieved by as example a change in attitude (AOA) or by maneuvering (crosswind power) or a change in size of surface (folding) or a combination of these. The Laddermill is presently realized as a one cable system with one or more kites that will be reeled out with high force and reeled in with low pulling force. (“Pumping Laddermill”) A pumping Laddermill has been build and tested. Various experiments are prepared to be performed using the newly installed “Kitelab”, on the roof of the faculty building (see figure 3 ) Several applications of the Laddermill system are under investigation such as a high altitude power station (up to 9000 m). Another one very intriguing application is the Laddermill propelled ship which is further elaborated in this paper.. In this application the ground station of a Laddermill is place on a ship, through which electrical power is generated. For advanced kites it can be shown that the power generating force is significantly larger than the drag. In that case the ship can sail against the wind. In fact the ship’s speed against the wind enhances the wind speed to which the kites are exposed (apparent wind). As the larger part of the corresponding increase in aerodynamic force is generating electrical power rather than drag (high Lift over Drag kite) the ship takes advantage of this phenomena. In other wind directions, the Laddermill kites will next to generating electrical power also pull the ship. The result is that combined ship propulsion can be made more or less independent of the wind direction as shown below. The Laddermill concept The original Laddermill concept was seen to be realized in a closed loop system of ascending and descending kites that provided a constant power to drive the generator. However recent studies in our group showed that a two stage pumping laddermill configuration is more practical and more simple to realize. In this configuration there is an upstroke where energy is produced and a down stroke that resets the apparatus into its original state. In the initial state a large portion of the kite line is wrapped around a drum that is connected to a generator/motor combination. The combined action of kite motion and large angle of attack provides a large line tension that is converted into rotary motion by pulling line off the drum. During this upstroke energy is produced. When all the kite line is rolled of the drum, the kites are kept stationary in the flight envelope and are configured for minimum pulling force, i.e. angle of attack. Now a portion of the generated energy is used to drive the drum and retrieve Figure 2. The flight envelope (Seattle Airgear) http://www.peterlynnkites.co.nz/vehicles/boats/boats .htm).2003)