The power of the pill: Oral contraceptives and women's career and marriage decisions
The power of the pill: Oral contraceptives and women's career and marriage decisions
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DOI：
10.1086/340778
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Katz, LF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldin, C;Katz, LF
1970年之后，美国大学毕业的女性进入专业课程的比例大幅增加，同年左右，美国大学毕业女性的初婚年龄开始飙升。我们探讨了这两种变化与避孕药（“避孕药”）在年轻未婚大学毕业生中的传播之间的关系。尽管避孕药在1960年就得到了食品和药物管理局的批准，并在已婚女性中迅速传播，但直到20世纪60年代末，在州法律修改后，它才在年轻的单身女性中传播开来，当时州法律降低了成年年龄，并延长了“成年未成年人”的决定。我们提出了描述性时间序列和正式的计量经济学证据，利用跨州和跨队列的变化，年轻未婚女性的避孕药可得性，建立“药丸的力量”，降低长期专业教育的成本，提高妇女的初婚年龄。
The fraction of U. S. college graduate women entering professional programs increased substantially just after 1970, and the age at first marriage among all U. S. college graduate women began to soar around the same year. We explore the relationship between these two changes and the diffusion of the birth control pill ("the pill") among young, unmarried college graduate women. Although the pill was approved in 1960 by the Food and Drug Administration and spread rapidly among married women, it did not diffuse among young, single women until the late 1960s after state law changes reduced the age of majority and extended "mature minor" decisions. We present both descriptive time series and formal econometric evidence that exploit cross-state and cross-cohort variation in pill availability to young, unmarried women, establishing the "power of the pill" in lowering the costs of long-duration professional education for women and raising the age at first marriage.