Community concern and government response: Identifying socio-economic and demographic predictors of oil and gas complaints and drinking water impairments in Pennsylvania
Community concern and government response: Identifying socio-economic and demographic predictors of oil and gas complaints and drinking water impairments in Pennsylvania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2021.102070
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发表时间：
2021-04-24
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Deziel, Nicole C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Cassandra J.;Warren, Joshua L.;Deziel, Nicole C.
石油和天然气开发导致了环境危害和社区关切，特别是与供水问题有关的问题。向国家机构提出申诉使公民能够提出关切并寻求调查。我们评估了2004年至2016年期间宾夕法尼亚州县级社会经济和人口因素，石油和天然气钻探以及三个结果之间的关联：提交的石油和天然气投诉数量，以及国家对供水投诉进行调查的数量和比例，这些调查产生了确认的供水损害（即，“积极的决心”）。我们使用分层贝叶斯泊松和二项式回归分析。2004年至2016年，全国共受理油气投诉9,404件，其中供水投诉4,099件。其中3 906人接受了调查，215人作出了肯定的决定。我们观察到，家庭年收入中位数（MHI）每增加1万美元，投诉增加47%（率比[RR]：1.47，95%可信区间[CI]：1.09-1.96），教育程度每增加1%，投诉增加18%（RR：1.18，95% CI：1.11-1.26）。虽然投诉的数量不因种族/民族而异，但在边缘化人口比例较高的县，投诉产生积极决定的几率低0.81倍（比值比[OR]：黑人、亚洲人和美洲原住民人口合并百分比每增加1%，0.81，95% CI：0.64-0.99）。在收入较高的地区，阳性测定的几率也较低（MHI每增加10，000美元的OR：0.35，95% CI：0.09-0.96）。我们的研究结果表明，这些关系是复杂的，并可能表明潜在的环境和程序的不公平，避免进一步调查。
Oil and gas development has led to environmental hazards and community concerns, particularly in relation to water supply issues. Filing complaints with state agencies enables citizens to register concerns and seek investigations. We evaluated associations between county-level socio-economic and demographic factors, oil and gas drilling, and three outcomes in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2016: number of oil and gas complaints filed, and both the number and proportion of state investigations of water supply complaints yielding a confirmed water supply impairment (i.e., "positive determination"). We used hierarchical Bayesian Poisson and binomial regression analyses. From 2004 to 2016, 9,404 oil and gas-related complaints were filed, of which 4,099 were water supply complaints. Of those, 3,906 received investigations, and 215 yielded positive determinations. We observed a 47% increase in complaints filed per $10,000 increase in annual median household income (MHI) (Rate Ratio [RR]: 1.47, 95% credible interval [CI]: 1.09-1.96) and an 18% increase per 1% increase in educational attainment (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26). While the number of complaints filed did not vary by race/acethnicity, the odds of a complaint yielding a positive determination were 0.81 times lower in counties with a higher proportion of marginalized populations (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.81 per 1% increase in percent Black, Asian, and Native American populations combined, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99). The odds of positive determinations were also lower in areas with higher income (OR per $10,000 increase in MHI: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.09-0.96). Our results suggest these relationships are complex and may indicate potential environmental and procedural inequities, warranting further investigation.