Soil Changes Resulting From Long-term Management Practices in Western Nigeria1
Soil Changes Resulting From Long-term Management Practices in Western Nigeria1
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300010033x
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
P. Aina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Aina
对Ife大学（尼日利亚）研究农场的两种土壤在长期放牧、灌木休耕和涉及三种耕作技术和两种肥力水平的可耕地耕作下的物理和化学特性进行了评估。耕地与休耕地相邻，休耕地面积至少为1/2 ha。休耕土壤和耕地土壤性质的差异被认为是由于连作造成的土壤变化。在0 ~ 15 cm土层中，水分稳定团聚体的比例（> 2.36 mm）在休耕条件下最高，且比灌木条件下更稳定。禾草和灌木下的稳定性值分别为95%和80%。连作5年后，这些团聚体的破坏率分别为76%和80%，连作10年后的破坏率分别为88%。耕地土壤的团聚稳定性为休耕地的1 / 5 ~ 1 / 3。休耕土壤和耕地土壤的平均容重分别为1.24和1.52 g/cm³，孔隙率和饱和导水率的降低与耕地土壤容重的增加成正比以上。休耕土壤的有机质含量约为耕地的4倍，平均为0.8%。休耕土壤的硝态氮、交换性碱和CEC含量也高于耕地土壤。土壤劣化程度由大到小依次为：犁-盘耙-犁-犁-免耕。连作10年后，施肥处理对土壤退化无影响。
Two soils at the University of Ife (Nigeria) research farm were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties under long-term pasture, bush fallow, and arable cultivation that involved three tillage techniques and two fertility levels. The cultivated plots were adjacent to the fallow plots, which were at least 1/2 ha in size. Differences in soil properties between fallow and cultivated soils were considered to be due to soil changes resulting from continuous cropping. The percentage of water stable aggregates (> 2.36 mm) in the 0- to 15-cm soil depth was highest and more stable under fallow than under bush. Stability values were 95 and 80%, respectively, under grass and bush. About 76% and 80% of these aggregates were destroyed after 5 years of continuous cropping, and 88% after 10 years. Aggregate stability of the cultivated soils ranged from one-fifth to one-third those of fallow soils. The average bulk densities were 1.24 and 1.52 g/cm³ for fallow and cultivated soils, respectively, while the reductions in porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were more than proportionate to the increases in bulk density of the cultivated soils. The fallow soils were about four-times higher in organic matter than the cultivated soils, which had an average organic matter content of 0.8%. The fallow soils were also higher in nitrate-nitrogen, exchangeable bases, and CEC than the cultivated soils. Soil deterioration in decreasing order was: Plow-disk-harrow > plow > no-tilage. Fertilizer treatments had no efect on soil deterioration after 10 years of continuous cropping.