Visibility of pastoralism in the Sahel: study of demographic parameters of live stock herds in Hombori(Mali)
Visibility of pastoralism in the Sahel: study of demographic parameters of live stock herds in Hombori(Mali)
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DOI：
10.1051/cagri/2017039
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Soumaguel, Nogmana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diawara, Mamadou O.;Hiernaux, Pierre;Soumaguel, Nogmana
牧业是萨赫勒北部许多家庭的主要经济活动。尽管在雨季牧场质量很好，但由于牧草供应不规律以及缺乏食品补充剂和兽医护理，畜牧业生产岌岌可危，因此牧业受到许多限制。然而，由于萨赫勒国家和邻近沿海国家的高人口增长和快速城市化，对畜产品的市场需求正在迅速增长。这项研究旨在记录马里萨赫勒东北部洪博里地区牧场牲畜的牧群人口参数和牧草产量。该方法基于2011年7月15日至9月15日对该地区120户家庭进行的关于牛群组成和人口统计事件的回溯性调查。结果表明，畜牧业的低生产力与不良的生殖参数有关，包括首次产犊年龄较晚，与非常广泛的牧业做法有关。它们还表现出很强的剥削率，特别是在繁殖性能低、死亡率高的情况下对羊群的剥削。为了提高畜群生产力，确保这些畜牧系统的可持续性和畜牧资本的代际传递，应通过增加牧场流动性和有针对性的季节性补充来改善牲畜营养质量，特别是在季节性规律性方面。
Pastoralism is the main economic activity for many households in northern Sahel. Despite rangeland quality during the rainy season, pastoral husbandry is subject to many constraints related to the irregular availability of forage and the lack of access to food supplements and veterinary care making livestock production precarious. Yet the market demand for livestock products is growing rapidly triggered by high population growth and rapid urbanization in the Sahel states and also in the neighboring coastal states. This study aims to document the herd demographic parameters and the forage production of rangelands used by livestock from the district of Hombori located in the northeast of Malian Sahel. The approach is based on retrospective surveys on herd composition and demographic events conducted from July 15 to September 15 2011 with 120 households from the district. The results indicate a low productivity of pastoral husbandry related to poor reproductive parameters including the late age at first calving, linked to very extensive pastoral practices. They also show strong exploitation rates particularly for sheep flocks even when reproductive performance are low and mortality rates are high. To improve herd productivity, ensure the sustainability of these pastoral systems and the intergenerational transmission of livestock capital, the quality of livestock nutrition should be improved especially in seasonal regularity through greater pastoral mobility but also targeted seasonal supplementation.