By words and deeds - Racial steering by real estate agents in the US in 2000
By words and deeds - Racial steering by real estate agents in the US in 2000
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DOI：
10.1080/01944360508976697
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Godfrey, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galster, G;Godfrey, E
尽管1968年的联邦公平住房法案禁止，但20世纪80年代的研究发现，美国房地产经纪人的种族导向仍在发生。1988年，这项立法得到了加强，但在整个20世纪90年代，没有一项研究研究这些更严格的限制是否有助于消除转向。2000年，HUD和城市研究所在美国20个大都市地区进行了全国住房歧视研究，以复制和扩展这一早期的工作。在这篇文章中，我们报告了这项最新研究的结果，该研究考察了三种类型的转向和三种转向机制，所有这些都在三个地理尺度上。结果表明，当黑人和白人购房者都参与其中时，所有类型的转向都会发生。在至少12%到15%的案例中，经纪人提供了无端的评论，为白人购房者提供了更多信息，并鼓励他们选择白人家庭较多、贫困家庭较少的地区的房屋。当西班牙裔和白人买家参与时，方向盘就不那么普遍了。我们也没有发现任何证据表明，尽管1988年加强了联邦立法，但转向能力在过去十年里有所下降。最后，我们讨论了不同种族之间的贫富差距和新的公平住房执法倡议的影响。
Although prohibited by the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968, studies in the 1980s; found that racial steering by real estate agents in the U.S. was still occurring. That legislation was strengthened in 1988, but throughout the 1990s, no study examined whether these tougher strictures helped eliminate steering. In 2000, HUD and the Urban Institute conducted the national Housing Discrimination Study in 20 U.S. metropolitan areas to replicate and extend that earlier work. In this article, we report the results of this latest study, which examined three types of steering and three steering mechanisms, all at three geographic scales. The results indicate that steering of all types is occurring when Black and White homebuyers are involved. In at least 12, to 15% of the cases, agents provided gratuitous commentary that gave more information to White homebuyers and encouraged them to choose homes in areas with more White and fewer poor households. Steering is less prevalent when Hispanic and White buyers are involved. We also found no evidence that steering declined over the last decade, despite the toughening of the federal legislation in 1988. We conclude by discussing the implications for interracial wealth differentials and new fair housing enforcement initiatives.