Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression
Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12195-020-00637-w
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-27
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Gleghorn, Jason P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shirazi, Jasmine;Donzanti, Michael J.;Gleghorn, Jason P.
COVID-19是一种在广泛组织中以多种方式表现出来的疾病。这涉及到许多因素，尽管在很短的时间内对这种新型疾病的研究取得了令人印象深刻的进展，但关于这种病毒的功能仍有很多未知之处。临床数据对于提供COVID-19进展信息和确定风险因素至关重要。然而，导致多组织病理的机制尚未完全确定。尽管来自SARS-CoV-1和MERS-CoV的见解很有价值，但很明显，SARS-CoV-2是不同的，值得进行广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，我们强调了围绕这种病毒的未解决的问题，包括时间免疫动力学、非肺组织感染、生命早期暴露和昼夜节律的作用。还探讨了性行为和接触污染物等风险因素，然后讨论了利用生物工程方法帮助了解COVID-19的方法。使用复杂的体外模型可以用来询问细胞间的相互作用，也可以从产生的免疫反应中梳理出病毒本身的影响。此外，可以从这些模型中收集时空信息，以了解更多关于病毒动态和COVID-19进展的信息。将先进的组织和器官系统模型应用于COVID-19研究可以更细致地了解这种情况的潜在机制，并阐明对抗其影响的策略。
COVID-19 is a disease that manifests itself in a multitude of ways across a wide range of tissues. Many factors are involved, and though impressive strides have been made in studying this novel disease in a very short time, there is still a great deal that is unknown about how the virus functions. Clinical data has been crucial for providing information on COVID-19 progression and determining risk factors. However, the mechanisms leading to the multi-tissue pathology are yet to be fully established. Although insights from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV have been valuable, it is clear that SARS-CoV-2 is different and merits its own extensive studies. In this review, we highlight unresolved questions surrounding this virus including the temporal immune dynamics, infection of non-pulmonary tissue, early life exposure, and the role of circadian rhythms. Risk factors such as sex and exposure to pollutants are also explored followed by a discussion of ways in which bioengineering approaches can be employed to help understand COVID-19. The use of sophisticatedin vitromodels can be employed to interrogate intercellular interactions and also to tease apart effects of the virus itself from the resulting immune response. Additionally, spatiotemporal information can be gleaned from these models to learn more about the dynamics of the virus and COVID-19 progression. Application of advanced tissue and organ system models into COVID-19 research can result in more nuanced insight into the mechanisms underlying this condition and elucidate strategies to combat its effects.