Using bioreactors to study the effects of drugs on the human microbiota
Using bioreactors to study the effects of drugs on the human microbiota
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.08.003
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Petrof, Elaine O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guzman-Rodriguez, Mabel;McDonald, Julie A. K.;Petrof, Elaine O.
随着越来越多的证据表明微生物群落在宿主健康和疾病中发挥着关键作用，复杂微生物群落的研究已成为主要的研究重点。胃肠道的微生物群落（称为肠道微生物群）参与帮助宿主维生素生物合成、调节宿主能量代谢、免疫系统发育和抵抗病原体入侵。相反，肠道微生物群的破坏与宿主发病有关，包括炎症性疾病、代谢紊乱、心血管风险增加和传染病风险增加。然而，研究人类和动物的肠道微生物群具有挑战性，因为许多微生物都具有独特的营养或环境要求，而使用传统培养技术往往无法满足这些要求。生物反应器提供了一种独特的解决方案来克服传统培养技术的一些局限性。生物反应器已被用来通过重现胃肠道中的生理条件来在体外繁殖和建立复杂的微生物群落。这些系统进一步加深了我们对微生物生理学的理解，并促进我们了解药物和外源性物质对微生物群落的影响。在这里，我们回顾了当前可用的生物反应器系统的多功能性和广度，以及如何使用它们来研究粪便和特定的微生物群落。生物反应器提供了一个独特的机会，可以在受控环境中研究体外复杂的微生物相互作用和扰动，而不会混淆生物和非生物变量。
The study of complex microbial communities has become a major research focus as mounting evidence suggests the pivotal role microbial communities play in host health and disease. Microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut microbiota, have been implicated in aiding the host with vitamin biosynthesis, regulation of host energy metabolism, immune system development, and resistance to pathogen invasion. Conversely, disruptions of the gut microbiota have been linked to host morbidity, including the development of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, increased cardiovascular risk, and increased risk of infectious diseases. However, studying the gut microbiota in humans and animals is challenging, as many microorganisms are fastidious with unique nutritional or environmental requirements that are often not met using conventional culture techniques.Bioreactors provide a unique solution to overcome some of the limitations of conventional culture techniques. Bioreactors have been used to propagate and establish complex microbial communities in vitro by recapitulating the physiological conditions found in the GI tract. These systems further our understanding of microbial physiology and facilitate our understanding of the impact of medications and xenobiotics on microbial communities. Here, we review the versatility and breadth of bioreactor systems that are currently available and how they are being used to study faecal and defined microbial communities. Bioreactors provide a unique opportunity to study complex microbial interactions and perturbations in vitro in a controlled environment without confounding biotic and abiotic variables.