Ecological and genetic interactions in Drosophila-parasitoids communities:: a case study with D-melanogaster, D-simulans and their common Leptopilina parasitoids in south-eastern France
Ecological and genetic interactions in Drosophila-parasitoids communities:: a case study with D-melanogaster, D-simulans and their common Leptopilina parasitoids in south-eastern France
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DOI：
10.1023/b:gene.0000017640.78087.9e
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Bouletreau, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleury, F;Ris, N;Bouletreau, M
寄生蜂的攻击是果蝇种群调节的重要因素。由于黑腹果蝇和拟果蝇具有共同的寄生蜂种类，如果不考虑寄生蜂，就很难理解它们的生态和进化。本文简要回顾了果蝇与拟寄生蜂相互作用的研究资料。melanogaster和D.作为主机的simulans，我们报告的实地和实验室实验调查Leptopilina寄生蜂在法国南部果蝇社区的生态作用。物种多度的季节性调查表明，强种间相互作用发生在两个热带水平。D. simulans逐渐取代D.在南部地区的黑腹鱼表明竞争取代。寄生虫导致果蝇死亡率非常高（在某些水果中高达90%）。野外数据强调了拟寄生蜂对果蝇群落选择压力的重要性。本文报道了两种Leptopilina寄生虫（L. heterotoma和L. boulardi）有不同的地方丰度，这在不同的时间，他们也争夺主机。我们发现，寄生蜂可以介导的共存D。melanogaster和D.模拟在实验室中，因此可能有助于他们令人费解的共存领域。相反，寄主对拟寄生蜂施加选择压力，使D. melanogaster或D. simulans强烈影响健康的成年黄蜂在一个温度依赖的方式。因此，在宿主物种的丰度和多样性的本地变化可以解释我们观察到的寄生虫物种的遗传分化。尽管实验室研究不能完全解释复杂的现场情况，但很明显，果蝇种群和群落的生态学和进化，特别是D。melanogaster和D.拟寄生蜂是拟寄生蜂的主要制约因素，应引起更多的关注。
Drosophila species are attacked by a number of parasitoid wasps, which constitute an important factor of population regulation. Since Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans share common parasitoid species, their ecology and evolution can hardly be understood without considering parasitoids. After a short review of data available on Drosophila-parasitoid interactions involving D. melanogaster and D. simulans as hosts, we report field and laboratory experiments investigating the ecological role of Leptopilina parasitoids in Drosophila communities of southern France. Seasonal survey of species abundance shows that strong interspecific interactions occur at both tropic levels. D. simulans progressively replaces D. melanogaster in southern areas suggesting competitive displacement. Parasitoids are responsible for very high Drosophila mortality (up to 90% in some fruits). Field data emphasize the importance of selective pressure that parasitoids exert on Drosophila communities. The two Leptopilina parasites (L. heterotoma and L. boulardi) have different local abundances, which vary in time, and they also compete for hosts. We show that parasitoids can mediate the coexistence of D. melanogaster and D. simulans in the laboratory, and thus may contribute to their puzzling coexistence in the field. Conversely, hosts exert selective pressures on parasitoids, and development on either D. melanogaster or D. simulans strongly affects fitness of adult wasps in a temperature-dependent fashion. Local variation in host species abundance and diversity could thus account for the genetic differentiation we observed in one parasitoid species. Despite laboratory studies cannot fully explain complex field situations, it is clear that the ecology and evolution of Drosophila populations and communities, especially D. melanogaster and D. simulans, are strongly constrained by parasitoids, which should receive more attention.