Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum
Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum
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DOI：
10.1007/s13762-013-0451-5
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Lens, P. N. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Katukiza, A. Y.;Ronteltap, M.;Lens, P. N. L.
城市贫民窟的现场卫生设施很少优先考虑灰水管理，但它构成了废水的最大部分。这项研究的目的是对Bwaise III（乌干达）的灰水进行分析并量化其污染物负荷，并为发展中国家城市贫民窟的灰水管理提供数据。在两个旱季的7个月内，从10个代表性的家庭以及4个三级排水沟和主要排水渠道收集样品进行分析。发现灰水产量占生活用水量的85%。洗衣房、厨房和浴室产生的灰水中的化学需氧量（COD）浓度分别为9，225 +/-1，200 mg L-1、71，250 +/-1，011 mg L-1和4，675 +/- 750 mg L-1，而BOD 5（生化需氧量）与COD的比值分别为0.24 ± 0.05、0.33 ± 0.08和0.31 ± 0.07。浴室灰水中大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群的最大浓度分别为2.05 × 10（7）cfu（100 mL）（-1）和1.75 × 10（8）cfu（100 mL）（-1），而沙门氏菌属的最大浓度为1.75 × 10（8）cfu（100 mL）（-1）。为7.32 x 10（6）cfu（100 mL）（-1）。方差分析（ANOVA）显示，COD、总悬浮物（TSS）、总有机碳（TOC）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、总磷（TP）、钠吸附率（SAR）、油脂和沙门氏菌的浓度存在显著差异。在洗衣房、浴室和厨房的灰水中（p500 kg/天（-1）），TSS（>200 kg/天（-1）），营养素（8.3 kg TKN/天（-1）和1.4 kg TP/天（-1））和微生物（10（6）至10（9）cfu c/天（-1））来自Bwaise III灰水的研究表明，灰水对环境构成威胁，并对城市贫民窟的人类健康构成威胁。因此，有必要优先处理发展中国家城市贫民窟的灰水，以实现适当的卫生条件。
On-site sanitation provisions in urban slums rarely prioritise grey water management, yet it forms the largest fraction of wastewater. This study was carried out to characterise grey water and quantify its pollutant loads in Bwaise III (Uganda) and to provide data for grey water management in urban slums of developing countries. Samples were collected for analysis from ten representative households as well as from four tertiary drains and the main drainage channel for 7 months in two dry seasons. Grey water production was found to comprise 85 % of the domestic water consumption. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the grey water generated by laundry, in the kitchen and in the bathroom was 9,225 +/- 1,200 mg L-1, 71,250 +/- 1,011 mg L-1 and 4,675 +/- 750 mg L-1, while the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) to COD ratio was 0.24 +/- 0.05, 0.33 +/- 0.08 and 0.31 +/- 0.07, respectively. The maximum concentration of Escherichia coli and total coliforms was 2.05 x 10(7) cfu (100 mL)(-1) and 1.75 x 10(8) cfu (100 mL)(-1), respectively, in grey water from the bathroom, while that of Salmonella spp. was 7.32 x 10(6) cfu (100 mL)(-1) from laundry. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference in the concentration of COD, total suspended solids (TSS), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total phosphorus (TP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), oil and grease, and Salmonella spp. in grey water from laundry, bathroom and kitchen (p500 kg day(-1)), TSS (>200 kg day(-1)), nutrients (8.3 kg TKN day(-1) and 1.4 kg TP day(-1)) and microorganisms (10(6) to 10(9) cfu c(-1) day(-1)) originating from grey water in Bwaise III show that grey water poses a threat to the environment and a risk to human health in urban slums. Therefore, there is a need to prioritise grey water treatment in urban slums of developing countries to achieve adequate sanitation.