Violent crime exposure classification and adverse birth outcomes: a geographically-defined cohort study.
Violent crime exposure classification and adverse birth outcomes: a geographically-defined cohort study.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-072x-5-22
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发表时间：
2006-05-17
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Laraia, Barbara A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Messer, Lynne C;Kaufman, Jay S;Laraia, Barbara A
背景：长期以来，地区社会经济差异与不良妊娠结局有关。犯罪是邻里环境的一个重要因素，在生殖和公共卫生文献中没有得到充分的研究。当犯罪用于研究时，它的定义各不相同，导致研究之间的关联不具有可比性。 方法：在多级模型中使用地理编码链接的出生记录、犯罪和人口普查数据，本文探讨了四种空间暴力犯罪暴露的相关性：两个最近的暴力犯罪分类（母亲居住地半英里半径内的暴力犯罪计数以及母亲居住地到最近暴力犯罪的距离）和两个区域级犯罪分类（一个街区内的暴力犯罪计数） 1999-2001 年居住在北卡罗来纳州罗利市犯罪报告区的妇女不良分娩事件的群体和街区群体暴力犯罪率。根据母亲年龄、教育程度和地区剥夺程度对模型进行了调整。 结果：在黑人和白人非西班牙裔种族分层模型中，以近端暴露为特征的犯罪无法区分经历不良分娩结果的妇女和经历正常分娩结果的妇女。在非西班牙裔白人和黑人妇女中，作为邻里属性的暴力犯罪与早产和低出生体重呈正相关。没有观察到区域剥夺和暴力犯罪类别之间存在统计上显着的相互作用。结论：文献中对犯罪进行了不同的分类，几乎没有为犯罪类型或所采用的分类提供任何理由。这项研究首次将多种犯罪分类与健康结果进行直接比较。发现地区暴力犯罪的影响表明，犯罪最好被描述为邻里属性，对不良出生结果具有重要影响。
BACKGROUND: Area-level socioeconomic disparities have long been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Crime is an important element of the neighborhood environment inadequately investigated in the reproductive and public health literature. When crime has been used in research, it has been variably defined, resulting in non-comparable associations across studies.METHODS: Using geocoded linked birth record, crime and census data in multilevel models, this paper explored the relevance of four spatial violent crime exposures: two proximal violent crime categorizations (count of violent crime within a one-half mile radius of maternal residence and distance from maternal residence to nearest violent crime) and two area-level crime categorizations (count of violent crimes within a block group and block group rate of violent crimes) for adverse birth events among women in living in the city of Raleigh NC crime report area in 1999-2001. Models were adjusted for maternal age and education and area-level deprivation.RESULTS: In black and white non-Hispanic race-stratified models, crime characterized as a proximal exposure was not able to distinguish between women experiencing adverse and women experiencing normal birth outcomes. Violent crime characterized as a neighborhood attribute was positively associated with preterm birth and low birth weight among non-Hispanic white and black women. No statistically significant interaction between area-deprivation and violent crime category was observed.CONCLUSION: Crime is variably categorized in the literature, with little rationale provided for crime type or categorization employed. This research represents the first time multiple crime categorizations have been directly compared in association with health outcomes. Finding an effect of area-level violent crime suggests crime may best be characterized as a neighborhood attribute with important implication for adverse birth outcomes.