Quantifying the impacts of bioenergy crops on pollinating insect abundance and diversity: a field‐scale evaluation reveals taxon‐specific responses
Quantifying the impacts of bioenergy crops on pollinating insect abundance and diversity: a field‐scale evaluation reveals taxon‐specific responses
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12060
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
D. Stanley;J C Stout
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Stanley;J C Stout
全球传粉昆虫的减少与农业集约化和土地利用变化有关。新型生物能源作物产量的增加正在引起农业实践的变化，但对不同授粉类群的影响尚未量化。然而，主要的授粉群体（群居蜂、独居蜂、食蚜蝇和蝴蝶）可能对土地使用的变化和作物种植模式的转变作出不同的反应。我们评估了两种生物能源作物，油菜，甘蓝型油菜。和Miscanthus Miscanthus X Aesteus对（i）四个传粉昆虫分类群的多样性和丰富度，（ii）昆虫群落组成，（iii）花卉资源和（iv）熊蜂的筑巢地点，通过比较生物能源作物与大型商业领域网络中的传统耕地和牧草作物。我们发现，虽然有更多的熊蜂在油菜田，常规作物和生物能源作物并没有很大的差异，在大多数传粉昆虫的物种丰富度，虽然更多的花卉资源中发现的生物能源作物。然而，独居蜂在能源作物中比常规小麦更丰富，种类更丰富，芒草中发现的陷阱筑巢蜂和黄蜂比油菜多。此外，在生物能源作物中发现了独居蜜蜂的新组合。所有的传粉者群体，开花植物，更丰富的领域边缘比中心的农田。虽然作物类型之间没有差异，但寻巢大黄蜂仅限于田间边缘。这突出了农田边缘作为农田传粉昆虫的饲料和筑巢栖息地的重要性。合成与应用。生物能源作物的田间规模的增长表现出不同的反应所研究的分类群体，这表明，对生物多样性的影响不能从一个小套分类群体的基础上的研究，必须包括一系列的分类的总体结果。为了优化农业地区传粉者的栖息地，我们的数据表明，小规模的作物类型多样性可能会产生积极的影响，并支持在转换为生物能源生产过程中适当管理和保护田地边缘和灌木树篱。
Summary Global declines in pollinating insects have been linked with agricultural intensification and land-use change. Increased production of novel crops for bioenergy is causing changes in agricultural practice, but the effects on different pollinating taxa have not yet been quantified. However, the major pollinating groups (social bees, solitary bees, hoverflies and butterflies) are likely to respond differently to changes in land use and shifts in crop cultivation patterns. We assessed the impacts of two bioenergy crops, oilseed rape Brassica napus L. and Miscanthus Miscanthus X giganteus on (i) the diversity and abundance of four taxonomic groups of pollinating insects, (ii) insect community composition, (iii) floral resources and (iv) nesting sites for bumblebees, by comparing bioenergy crops with conventional arable and grass crops in a large network of commercial fields. We found that although there were more bumblebees in oilseed rape fields, conventional crops and bioenergy crops did not differ greatly in species richness of most pollinator groups, although more floral resources were found in the bioenergy crops. However, solitary bees were more abundant and species rich in energy crops than conventional wheat, and more trap-nesting bees and wasps were found in Miscanthus than oilseed rape. In addition, novel assemblages of solitary bees were found in the bioenergy crops. All pollinator groups, and flowering plants, were more abundant in field margins than in the centre of crop fields. Although there were no differences among crop types, nest-searching bumblebees were confined to field margins. This highlights the importance of field margins as forage and nesting habitat for pollinators in farmland. Synthesis and applications. Differential responses to field-scale growth of bioenergy crops were displayed by the taxonomic groups studied, suggesting that effects on biodiversity cannot be generalized from studies based on a small suite of taxonomic groups and must include a range of taxa for overarching results. To optimize habitat for pollinators in agricultural areas, our data suggest that a diversity of crop types at small scales may have positive impacts and supports appropriate management and conservation of field margins and hedgerows during conversion to bioenergy production.