Group behaviour and development : is the market destroying cooperation?
Group behaviour and development : is the market destroying cooperation?
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群体行为与发展：市场正在破坏合作吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Thorp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Heyer;F. Stewart;R. Thorp
这本书的重点是发展中国家的群体行为。它包括对生产者和社区组织、非政府组织和一些公共部门团体的研究。尽管大多数经济决策是由在群体-家庭、公司、邻里或社区协会以及生产者网络-内行动的人作出的，但对群体运作的分析尚未得到足够的重视，特别是在经济学家中。从公平、效率和福祉的角度来看，一些群体运作良好，而另一些则不然。本书探讨了为什么。它包括履行三类职能的群体：克服市场失灵（如生产者组织）;改善其成员的地位（如工会）;以及向较不富裕的群体分配资源（如非政府组织和公共部门）。它对比了群体行为的三种模式：权力和控制;合作;以及物质激励的使用。它探讨了是什么决定了群体的行为模式，以及对效率、公平和福祉的影响。这本书包括11个不同作者的案例研究，包括巴西的生产者协会、韩国和台湾的农民组织、南亚的社区林业团体、加尔各答的性工作者组织和乌干达的卫生非政府组织。索赔群体往往是最合作的群体，合作有助于增强权能和自尊。分配型或公益型团体大多根据权力和控制运作，而市场失灵型团体往往将这三种模式结合起来。这些研究表明，整个社会的规范对群体行为有着强烈的影响。最近市场激励措施的作用有所加强，这对各群体施加了强大的压力，迫使他们更多地使用物质激励措施，破坏了维持效率和公平所必需的合作。必须放弃普遍赞成货币奖励的假设。非市场行为也需要受到重视和保护。本书的贡献者- Bina Agarwal（德里大学）Sabina Alkire（剑桥大学）蒂托比安奇（麻省理工学院）拉里·伯迈斯特（肯塔基州大学）克里斯蒂·卡农·洛根（Kroll Associates风险缓解顾问）Severine Deneulin（牛津大学博士生）弗雷德里克·加斯帕（纳穆尔大学，比利时）露西·吉尔森（卫生经济学家）Nandini Gooptu（牛津大学）Judith Heyer（牛津大学）Maureen Mackdell（开放大学）Simeen Mahmud（孟加拉国发展研究所）（比利时纳穆尔大学）古斯塔夫·拉尼斯（耶鲁大学）J. Mohan Rao（马萨诸塞州大学，大卫·斯泰尔（剑桥大学）弗朗西斯·斯图尔特（牛津大学）迷迭香索普（牛津大学）保拉蒂班德贝奇（经济和社会研究基金会）迈克尔王（牛津大学和耶鲁大学前）
This book focuses on group behaviour in developing countries. It includes studies of producer and community organizations, NGOs, and some public sector groups. Despite the fact that most economic decisions are taken by people acting within groups -- families, firms, neighbourhood or community associations, and networks of producers -- the analysis of group functioning has not received enough attention, particularly among economists. Some groups function well, from the perspectives of equity, efficiency, and well-being, while others do not. This book explores why. It covers groups that perform three types of function: overcoming market failures (e.g. producer organizations); improving the position of their members (e.g. Trade Unions), and distributing resources to the less well-off (e.g. NGOs and the public sector). It contrasts three modes of group behaviour: power and control; cooperation; and the use of material incentives. It explores what determines modes of behaviour of groups, and the consequences for efficiency, equity, and well-being. The book includes eleven case studies by different authors, including producers' associations in Brazil, farmers' organizations in Korea and Taiwan, community forestry groups in South Asia, organizations of sex-workers in Calcutta, and health NGOs in Uganda. Claims groups tended to be the most cooperative, cooperation fostering empowerment and self-esteem. Distributive or pro bono groups mostly operated according to power and control, while market failure groups often combined all three modes. The studies show the strong impact of norms in society as a whole on group behaviour. The recent shift towards a stronger role for market incentives has exerted powerful pressures on groups to use more material incentives, undermining the cooperation essential to sustain efficiency and equity. The universal presumption in favour of monetary incentives needs to be abandoned. Non-market behaviour needs to be valued and protected as well. Contributors to this volume - Bina Agarwal (University of Delhi) Sabina Alkire (University of Cambridge) Tito Bianchi (MIT) Larry Burmeister (University of Kentucky) Christy Cannon Lorgen (risk mitigation consultant, Kroll Associates) Severine Deneulin (Doctoral student, University of Oxford) Frederic Gaspart (University of Namur, Belgium) Lucy Gilson (health economist) Nandini Gooptu (University of Oxford) Judith Heyer (University of Oxford) Maureen Mackintosh (Open University) Simeen Mahmud (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies) Jean-Philippe Platteau (University of Namur, Belgium) Gustav Ranis (Yale University) J. Mohan Rao (University of Massachusetts, Amherst) David Sneath (Cambridge University) Frances Stewart (University of Oxford) Rosemary Thorp (University of Oxford) Paula Tibandebage (Economic and Social Research Foundation) Michael Wang (Formerly of University of Oxford and Yale University)