What are the effects of agricultural management on soil organic carbon in boreo-temperate systems?
What are the effects of agricultural management on soil organic carbon in boreo-temperate systems?
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DOI：
10.1186/s13750-015-0049-0
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Soderstrom, Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haddaway, Neal R.;Hedlund, Katarina;Soderstrom, Bo
背景：土壤含有陆地生态系统中最大的有机碳（C）储量，土壤碳储量的变化可能会显着影响大气中的二氧化碳。土壤碳的很大一部分存在于占全球陆地表面约 35% 的耕作土壤中。农业集约化导致了可能减少土壤有机碳 (SOC) 的做法，农业管理有潜力成为减缓气候变化和通过 SOC 固存提高土壤肥力的有力工具。在这里，我们系统地绘制了与农业管理对暖温带和冰雪气候区耕作系统的 SOC 影响有关的证据（温带和大陆性气候的子集：Koppen-Geiger 分类）。方法：使用翻译成与所包含地理相关的一系列语言的搜索字符串，在 17 个学术引文数据库、3 个搜索引擎和 25 个组织网站中搜索文献（学术和灰色）。 主题的范围。还联系了利益相关者，要求提供证据。对 127 篇相关评论进行了书目检查，以检查是否有缺失的文章。根据已发布的方案，在标题、摘要和全文级别上根据预定义的纳入标准筛选相关性。所有相关研究均编码在元数据库中，描述引文、研究设置、方法和可用的定量数据（不提取研究结果）。还对纳入的研究进行了基本的批判性评价。还制作了在物理在线地图上呈现地图数据库的地理信息系统 (GIS)。结果：系统地图数据库中包含了来自 553 篇文章的总共 735 项研究。研究调查了五大类干预措施中的一项或多项：修正（286 项研究）、轮作（238 项）、肥料（307 项）、耕作（306 项）和多种干预措施（55 项）。研究是在所有非包容气候区进行的，其中俄罗斯的代表性明显不足。大多数研究仅采用 SOC 点采样、低水平的真实空间复制和中等研究周期（即 10-20 年）。 28% 的研究发现缺少关键方法学信息。结论：该地图中确定的长期研究地点为现有的长期实验 (LTE) 数据库提供了有用的补充。确定知识差距（例如来自俄罗斯的研究）还确定需要改进现有和正在进行的研究的编目或报告。该系统地图数据库为决策者提供了有用的资源，帮助他们确定需要进一步开展初级研究的知识差距、需要进一步进行二次研究的知识过剩以及研究方法的缺陷和最佳实践。除了系统地图数据库之外，我们还制作了另外两个资源：(1) 研究农业管理和 SOC 的 LTE 站点数据库，以及 (2) 评论和荟萃分析数据库。据我们所知，这是第一个利用 GIS 来呈现证据基础的系统回顾或地图，我们相信这大大提高了地图输出的效用。
Background: Soils contain the largest stock of organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and changes in soil C stocks may significantly affect atmospheric CO2. A significant part of soil C is present in cultivated soils that occupy about 35 % of the global land surface. Agricultural intensification has led to practices that may decrease soil organic carbon (SOC), and agricultural management has the potential to be a powerful tool for climate change mitigation and increased soil fertility through SOC sequestration. Here, we systematically map evidence relating to the impacts of agricultural management on SOC in arable systems of the warm temperate and snow climate zones (subset of temperate and continental climates: Koppen-Geiger Classification).Methods: Seventeen academic citation databases, 3 search engines and 25 organisational websites were searched for literature (academic and grey) using search strings translated into a range of languages relevant to the included geographical scope of the topic. Stakeholders were also contacted with requests for evidence. Bibliographic checking of 127 relevant reviews was undertaken to check for missing articles. Screening for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria was undertaken at title, abstract and full text levels according to a published protocol. All relevant studies were coded in a meta-database describing the citation, study settings, methods and quantitative data available (without extraction of the study findings). A basic critical appraisal of included studies was also performed. A geographical information system (GIS) presenting the map database on a physical, online map was also produced.Results: A total of 735 studies from 553 articles was included in the systematic map database. Studies investigated one or more of five broad categories of interventions: amendments (286 studies), crop rotations (238), fertilisers (307), tillage (306), and multiple interventions (55). Studies were identified from across the includible climate zones, with the notable underrepresentation from Russia. The majority of studies employed only point sampling of SOC, low levels of true spatial replication and moderate study periods (i.e. 10-20 years). Missing key methodological information was found in 28 % of studies.Conclusions: Long-term study sites identified in this map provide a useful addition to existing databases of longterm experiments (LTEs). The identification of knowledge gaps, such as studies from Russia, also identify a need for improved cataloguing or reporting of existing and on-going research. This systematic map database represents a useful resource for decision-makers wishing to identify knowledge gaps warranting further primary research, knowledge gluts warranting further secondary research, and deficiencies and best practice in research methodology. In addition to the systematic map database, we have also produced two further resources: (1) a database of LTE sites investigating agricultural management and SOC, and (2) a database of reviews and meta-analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review or map that utilises a GIS for presentation of an evidence base, which we believe substantially increases the utility of the map outputs.