A Motivational Model of Driving Anger and Aggression
A Motivational Model of Driving Anger and Aggression
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C. Neighbors;Nathaniel A. Vietor;C. Knee
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作者：
C. Neighbors;Nathaniel A. Vietor;C. Knee
本文从自我决定理论出发，提出了驾驶愤怒和攻击性的动机模型，认为特质动机影响特定驾驶情境下的驾驶动机，进而预测驾驶愤怒和随后的攻击性。控制取向越高的个体在驾驶时会感受到更多的压力和自我防御感，从而导致更多的愤怒和攻击。参与者包括111名个人，他们在10天内记录了他们经历驾驶愤怒的所有情况。参与者报告说，平均而言，他们每天都会感到愤怒，并以不同程度的侵略性做出反应。研究结果为作者的动机框架提供了强有力的支持，这表明那些普遍感到被控制的人往往会经历更多的压力和自我防御，这导致了驾驶时更多的愤怒和攻击性。侵略性驾驶已成为越来越普遍的现象（美国汽车协会，1997年）。虽然许多州已经通过立法来减少侵略性驾驶（Rathbone & Huckabee，1999），但专注于侵略性驾驶的病因学以及是什么使一些人比其他人更具侵略性的研究仍然很少。以前的努力，以确定驾驶愤怒和侵略性的预测研究了情境和个性的解释，但通常是理论上的精益。大多数研究都探讨了交通拥堵或旅行阻抗的影响，这在概念上是相似的。挫折攻击联系（Dollard，Doob，米勒，Mowrer，& Sears，1939）已被提供作为交通拥堵和攻击行为之间的联系的合理解释（Shinar，1998）。最近关于挫折-攻击性的理论研究表明，拥塞和攻击性之间的因果关系可能是由于负面情绪和愤怒的激活（Berkowitz，1993）。为了支持这一观点，交通拥堵和旅行阻抗与更高水平的攻击性驾驶有关。Deffenbacher及其同事已经确定了驾驶愤怒的特质差异（Deffenbacher、Oetting和Lynch，1994），并表明驾驶愤怒特质较高的人会经历更频繁和强烈的愤怒，更具攻击性和危险的驾驶行为，并发生更多事故（Deffenbacher、Huff、Lynch、Oetting和Salvatore，2000）。同样，驾驶压力的特质差异与驾驶时的状态压力呈正相关（Hennessy & Wiesenthal，1997，1999）。这种方法的一个延伸是这样一个概念，即特质驱动...
This article proposed a motivational model of driving anger and aggression, derived from self-determination theory, suggesting that trait motivation affects motivation in specific driving situations , which in turn predicts driving anger and subsequent aggression. Individuals higher in controlled orientation were predicted to experience more feelings of pressure and ego-defen-siveness while driving, leading to more anger and aggression. Participants included 111 individuals who kept structured daily records of all instances in which they experienced driving anger throughout a 10-day period. Participants reported experiencing anger on slightly more than a daily basis, on average, and responding with varying levels of aggression. Results provided strong support for the authors' motivational framework suggesting that individuals who generally feel controlled tend to experience more pressure and ego-defensiveness, which leads to more anger and aggression while driving. Aggressive driving has become an increasingly common occurrence (American Automobile Association, 1997). Although many states have responded by enacting legislation aimed at curtailing aggressive driving (Rathbone & Huckabee, 1999), research focusing on the etiology of aggressive driving and what makes some people more aggressive than others continues to be sparse. Previous efforts to identify predictors of driving anger and aggression have examined both situational and personality explanations but have typically been theoretically lean. The majority of research examining situations has explored the impact of traffic congestion or travel impedance, which is conceptually similar. The frustration aggression link (Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, & Sears, 1939) has been offered as a reasonable explanation for the link between traffic congestion and aggressive behavior (Shinar, 1998). More recent theoretical accounts of frustration-aggression suggest that the causal link between congestion and aggression is likely due to the activation of negative affect and anger (Berkowitz, 1993). In support of this perspective, traffic congestion and travel impedance have been linked to higher levels of aggressive driving Personality explanations of driving anger have tended to endorse a state-trait approach when explaining driving anger and aggression. Deffenbacher and colleagues have identified trait differences in driving anger (Deffenbacher, Oetting, & Lynch, 1994) and have shown that individuals who are higher in trait driving anger experience more frequent and intense anger, more aggressive and risky driving behavior, and have more accidents (Deffenbacher, Huff, Lynch, Oetting, & Salvatore, 2000). Similarly, trait differences in driving stress have been positively associated with state stress while driving (Hennessy & Wiesenthal, 1997, 1999). An extension of this approach is the notion that trait driving …