Flower visitation and land cover associations of above ground- and below ground-nesting native bees in an agricultural region of south-east Australia
Flower visitation and land cover associations of above ground- and below ground-nesting native bees in an agricultural region of south-east Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2020.106895
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发表时间：
2020-06-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Cunningham, Saul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown, Julian;Barton, Philip S.;Cunningham, Saul A.
不同形式的农业如何通过提供不同的花卉和筑巢资源来支持不同的蜜蜂类群，这在很大程度上是未知的。最近的研究发现，与农业有关的野生蜜蜂倾向于在土壤中筑巢，而不是在植被中筑巢，因此被认为适应于多年生木本植被稀疏的开放环境。然而，这些研究通常不区分不同的农业形式，如开放式牧场与多年生木本作物。在木头或树干上筑巢的蜜蜂可能对多年生木本作物的农业有耐受性，但这一想法尚未在景观研究中得到验证。我们描述觅食偏好和土地覆盖协会的野生蜜蜂在澳大利亚东南部问：多年生木本作物支持蜜蜂巢在木材或茎（地上筑巢蜜蜂），而牧场支持土壤筑巢（地下筑巢）蜜蜂？我们采样蜜蜂群落使用蓝色叶片陷阱和花游客观察在14个站点，不同的覆盖残林，多年生木本作物，和牧场。我们发现，土壤筑巢蜜蜂正相关的牧场覆盖的景观，除了蜜蜂类群很少访问作物或农业杂草。地上筑巢蜜蜂与森林呈正相关，但与多年生木本作物覆盖，尽管经常访问这些作物的花朵。我们的研究结果表明，天然森林的开放农业有利于土壤筑巢蜜蜂类群，饲料作物和杂草，而限制蜜蜂类群，依赖于森林筑巢或花卉资源。
How different forms of agriculture support different bee taxa through the provision of different floral and nesting resources is largely unknown. Recent studies have found wild bees that are associated with agriculture tend to nest in soil, rather than vegetation, and so are thought to be adapted to open environments where perennial woody vegetation is sparse. However, these studies do not usually distinguish different forms of agriculture, such as open pasture versus perennial woody crops. It is possible that bees that nest in wood or stems might be tolerant of agriculture with perennial woody crops, but this idea has not been tested in landscape studies. We describe foraging preferences and land cover associations of wild bees in southeast Australia to ask: Do perennial woody crops support bees that nest in wood or stems (above ground-nesting bees), while pasture supports soil-nesting (below ground-nesting) bees? We sampled bee communities using blue vane traps and flower visitor observations at 14 sites that varied in cover of remnant forest, perennial woody crops, and pasture. We found that soil-nesting bees were positively associated with pasture cover in the landscape, except for bee taxa that rarely visited crops or agricultural weeds. Above ground-nesting bees were positively associated with forest, but not with perennial woody crop cover, despite frequently visiting flowers on these crops. Our results suggest conversion of native forest to open agriculture favours soil-nesting bee taxa that forage on crops and weeds, while restricting bee taxa that depend on forests for nesting or floral resources.