Analysis of the TSP, PM10 concentrations and water-soluble ionic species in airborne samples over Sistan, Iran during the summer dusty period
Analysis of the TSP, PM10 concentrations and water-soluble ionic species in airborne samples over Sistan, Iran during the summer dusty period
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apr.2016.11.001
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
R. D. Behrooz;A. Esmaili-Sari;N. Bahramifar;D. Kaskaoutis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. D. Behrooz;A. Esmaili-Sari;N. Bahramifar;D. Kaskaoutis
本研究分析了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和颗粒物小于10 μm（PM10）的浓度沿着与水溶性离子物种（WSIS）在空气中收集的灰尘样品中，扎布尔，位于伊朗东南部的Sirtal盆地。TSP和PM10的平均浓度分别为1867.0 μg m− 3和433.4 μg m− 3，而WSIS对TSP和PM10质量的贡献分别仅为8.9%和19.3%，这表明大部分水不溶性地壳元素，碳质气溶胶和重金属仍然未被探索。Ca 2+是最丰富的离子种类，占WSIS总质量的25-26%，其次是NH 4+，K+和SO 42 −。Cl−和Na+的重要部分（占WSIS总质量的7-9%）表明，由于Hamoun湖的干燥和强烈的Levar（120天）风抬升蒸发的矿物，在Soho上空存在盐沙尘暴。WSIS之间的高度相关性表明，NaCl，（NH 4）2SO 4，MgSO 4，K2 SO 4，CaSO 4和NH 4 NO3的形成的可能性很大。沙尘日（能见度< 2 km）与强风（平均11.7 ms− 1）和地壳元素浓度的大幅增加（1080 -100%）有关（例如，Ca 2+、Mg 2+和Cl−），而TSP和PM10浓度分别达到4496 μgm− 3和1010.6 μgm−3。
The present study analyzes the total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations along with the water-soluble ionic species (WSIS) in airborne dust samples collected in Zabol, located in the Sistan basin of southeast Iran. Rather extreme TSP and PM10mean concentrations of 1867.0 μg m−3and 433.4 μg m−3are found, while the WSIS contribute only 8.9% and 19.3% to the TSP and PM10mass, respectively indicating large fraction of water-insoluble crustal elements, carbonaceous aerosols and heavy metals that remained unexplored. Ca2+is the most abundant ionic species contributing ∼25–26% to the total WSIS mass, followed by NH4+, K+, and SO42−. Important fractions of Cl−and Na+(7–9% of the total WSIS mass) indicate the presence of saline dust storms over Sistan due to desiccation of the Hamoun lakes and uplift of evaporated minerals by the strong Levar (120-days) wind. High correlations between the WSIS suggest large possibility for formation of NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, K2SO4, CaSO4and NH4NO3. The dusty days (visibility < 2 km) are associated with intense winds (11.7 ms−1on average) and large increase (∼80–100%) in the concentrations of the crustal elements (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+and Cl−) compared to the normal days, while the TSP and PM10concentrations reach to 4496 μgm−3and 1010.6 μgm−3, respectively.