Human-Mediated Loss of Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity in Coral Reef Fishes
Human-Mediated Loss of Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity in Coral Reef Fishes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.049
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发表时间：
2014-03-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Vigliola, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D'agata, Stephanie;Mouillot, David;Vigliola, Laurent
除了物种丰富度的丧失[1-3]之外，人类活动还可能耗尽进化历史的广度(系统发育多样性)和群落内物种发挥作用的多样性(功能多样性)，这是生物多样性的两个被忽视的组成部分。然而，两者对于维持生态系统功能和提供相关的生态系统服务至关重要，特别是在环境条件不断变化的情况下[1-7]。我们量化了人类活动对珊瑚礁鱼类群落分类、系统发育和功能多样性的影响，同时梳理了沿太平洋人类压力梯度的生物地理和栖息地的影响。我们发现，人口密度对鹦鹉鱼系统发育和功能多样性的影响具有显著的转折点，分别为25和15个居民/千米(2)，而鹦鹉鱼物种丰富度沿相同的种群梯度呈线性下降。物种丰富度下降11.7%，系统发育多样性和功能多样性分别下降35.8%和46.6%。我们的结果呼吁在使用物种丰富度作为衡量生态系统状况的基准时要谨慎，因为它对人类种群密度变化的反应似乎不如其系统发育和功能对应的物种丰富度，这可能危及珊瑚礁生态系统的功能。
Beyond the loss of species richness [1-3], human activities may also deplete the breadth of evolutionary history (phylogenetic diversity) and the diversity of roles (functional diversity) carried out by species within communities, two overlooked components of biodiversity. Both are, however, essential to sustain ecosystem functioning and the associated provision of ecosystem services, particularly under fluctuating environmental conditions [1-7]. We quantified the effect of human activities on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of fish communities in coral reefs, while teasing apart the influence of biogeography and habitat along a gradient of human pressure across the Pacific Ocean. We detected nonlinear relationships with significant breaking points in the impact of human population density on phylogenetic and functional diversity of parrot-fishes, at 25 and 15 inhabitants/km(2), respectively, while parrot-fish species richness decreased linearly along the same population gradient. Over the whole range, species richness decreased by 11.7%, while phylogenetic and functional diversity dropped by 35.8% and 46.6%, respectively. Our results call for caution when using species richness as a benchmark for measuring the status of ecosystems since it appears to be less responsive to variation in human population densities than its phylogenetic and functional counterparts, potentially imperiling the functioning of coral reef ecosystems.