Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum - Recent developments
Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum - Recent developments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1448.050
复制
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Swaminathan, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gahan, Peter B.;Swaminathan, R.
已从健康个体和患者的全血、血清、血浆、血细胞表面和尿液中分离出DNA和RNA级分。分离、定量和分析这些分子的能力已经导致鉴定与特定疾病如糖尿病、癌症、心肌梗塞和中风相关的特异性核酸片段，从而允许它们的早期诊断。目前，采用了许多用于分离核酸的方法，并且尽管已经开始比较这些方法的效率，但是在存在用于核酸提取的精确方案之前仍有一段路要走。较旧的化学提取方法仍然优于一些可用的工具包。尽管仍有许多问题有待回答，但在确定循环核酸的来源方面取得了一些进展，包括来源是否是通过新合成的核酸的自发释放，或者它是否只是来自坏死和凋亡细胞。此外，可以证明核酸可以进入细胞并在受体细胞中表现出生物活性。因此，问题仍然是：循环核酸是否从血液中自由进入组织和细胞并诱导这些组织和细胞发生变化？需要进一步的工作来阐明这些领域，如果新的方法要广泛和准确地应用于疾病的诊断和治疗的监测，各种协议必须标准化。本章总结了本卷中报告的工作。
DNA and RNA fractions have been isolated from the whole blood, serum, plasma, the surface of blood cells, and urine of both healthy individuals and patients. The ability to isolate, quantify, and analyze these molecules has led to the identification of specific nucleic acid fragments related to particular disorders such as diabetes, cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke, threby permitting their early diagnosis. Currently, a number of methods for isolating the nucleic acids are employed and although a start has been made to compare the efficiencies of these methods, there is still a way to go before there are precise protocols for nucleic acid extraction. The older chemical methods of extraction still outperform some of the available kits. Some progress is being made to determine the origin of the circulating nucleic acids, although there are still many questions to be answered, including whether the source is through the spontaneous release of newly synthesized nucleic acid or whether it just derived from necrotic and apoptotic cells. In addition, it can be demonstrated that the nucleic acids can enter cells and exhibit a biological activity in the recipient cells. Hence, the question remains: Are the circulating nucleic acids freely entering tissues and cells from the blood and inducing changes in those tissues and cells? Further work is needed to elucidate these areas, and the various protocols must be standardized if the new methodology is to be widely and accurately applied in the diagnosis of disease and the monitoring of therapy. This chapter summarizes the work reported in this volume.