The Life History of Cutleria
The Life History of Cutleria
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刀具的生活史
DOI：
10.1086/330952
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发表时间：
1912
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Yamanouchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Yamanouchi
多裂卡特菜生活史中的细胞核条件可概括为：1.雄性和雌性植物的细胞核都含有24条染色体，并且雄性和雌性配子含有相同数量的染色体。2.在配子的结合中，染色体数目加倍，孢子中出现48条染色体，它们发育成卡特勒亚的Aglaozonia形式。因此，带有Cutleria multifida名称的个体代表该物种的配子体阶段，24是配子体染色体数目;而Cutleria的Aglaozonia形式代表孢子体阶段，48是孢子体数目。3.爬行无芒藻含有48条染色体，游动孢子形成时染色体数目减少，游动孢子含有24条染色体，染色体数目减少的游动孢子不接合而萌发。从萌发的游动孢子中生长出来的个体与自然界中的Cutleria的年轻形式非常相似，含有24条染色体，与后者的数量相同。因此，很明显，带有Aglaozonia reptans名称的个体代表了该物种的孢子体阶段，48是孢子体染色体数，而配子体阶段由游动孢子生长的个体代表，类似于自然界中的Cutleria的年轻形式。可以肯定的是，Aglaozonia reptans，因为它发生在自然界中是相同的Aglaozonia形式的Cutleria multifida作为发展的文化，现在确定为孢子体阶段的物种。4.因此，多裂卡特藻和丛枝藻分别代表同一种的配子体世代和孢子体世代，在卡特藻的生活史中，这两个世代是交替的。5.卡特莱花属的雌配子可以无配子萌发。在有丝分裂过程中没有不规则性，24条染色体总是存在。所产生的个体在其早期发育中与受精配子的产物有些不同，但无配生殖个体的命运并不确定。
The nuclear conditions in the life history of Cutleria multifida may be summarized as follows: 1. The nucleus of both male and female plants contains 24 chromosomes, and the male and female gametes contain the same number. 2. In the union of gametes the number is doubled, and 48 chromosomes appear in the sporelings, which develop into the Aglaozonia form of Cutleria. Therefore, the individual bearing the name of Cutleria multifida represents the gametophytic phase of the species, 24 being the gametophytic number of chromosomes; and the Aglaozonia form of Cutleria represents the sporophytic phase, 48 being the sporophytic number. 3. Aglaozonia reptans contains 48 chromosomes, and the number is reduced in zoospore formation, the zoospore containing 24 chromosomes The zoospore with the reduced number of chromosomes germinates without conjugation. The individual grown from the germinating zoospore presents a striking similarity to the young form of Cutleria in nature and contains 24 chromosomes, the same number as the latter. Therefore it is evident that the individual bearing the name of Aglaozonia reptans represents the sporophytic phase of the species, 48 being the sporophytic number of chromosomes, and that the gametophytic phase is represented by the individual grown from the zoospore and resembling the young form of Cutleria in nature. It is certain that Aglaozonia reptans as it occurs in nature is identical with the Aglaozonia form of Cutleria multifida as developed in cultures and now determined to be the sporophytic phase of the species. 4. Therefore, Cutleria multifida and Aglaozonia reptans represent respectively gametophytic and sporophytic generations of a single species, the two generations alternating in the life history of Cutleria. 5. The female gamete of Cutleria may germinate apogamously. There is no irregularity in the mitotic process, 24 chromosomes being invariably present. The individual produced, in its early development differs somewhat from the product of the fertilized gamete, but the fate of the apogamous individual was not determined.