Mechanisms for countering oxidative stress and damage in retinal pigment epithelium.
Mechanisms for countering oxidative stress and damage in retinal pigment epithelium.
复制标题
抵抗视网膜色素上皮的氧化应激和损伤的机制。
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-394309-5.00004-3
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Szweda, Luke I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plafker, Scott M.;O'Mealey, Gary B.;Szweda, Luke I.
关键词：
临床和实验证据表明，慢性氧化应激是多种视网膜退行性疾病的主要致病因素，如老年性黄斑变性(AMD)。AMD患者死后获得的眼睛，其视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞的蛋白质、脂类、DNA和线粒体存在广泛的自由基损伤。此外，几种慢性氧化应激小鼠模型发展出许多AMD的病理特征。然而，氧化应激在多大程度上是一种病因成分，与其参与疾病进展的程度相比，仍然是一个主要的悬而未决的问题。此外，氧化应激和损伤的主要目标是光感受器还是RPE细胞，或者两者兼而有之，目前仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了RPE细胞的主要功能，重点是这些细胞遇到的氧化挑战以及内源性抗氧化机制，这些机制被用来中和这种应激可能引起的有害影响，如果不加以控制的话。
Clinical and experimental evidence supports that chronic oxidative stress is a primary contributing factor to numerous retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eyes obtained postmortem from AMD patients have extensive free radical damage to the proteins, lipids, DNA, and mitochondria of their retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In addition, several mouse models of chronic oxidative stress develop many of the pathological hallmarks of AMD. However, the extent to which oxidative stress is an etiologic component versus its involvement in disease progression remains a major unanswered question. Further, whether the primary target of oxidative stress and damage is photoreceptors or RPE cells, or both, is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the major functions of RPE cells with an emphasis on the oxidative challenges these cells encounter and the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms employed to neutralize the deleterious effects that such stresses can elicit if left unchecked.