Water use efficiency of dryland maize in the Loess Plateau of China in response to crop management
Water use efficiency of dryland maize in the Loess Plateau of China in response to crop management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2014.04.003
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Fusuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Shulan;Sadras, Victor;Zhang, Fusuo
由于水资源形势严峻和人口压力，提高我国黄土高原旱地地区农作物水分利用效率（WUE=单位季节性蒸散量粮食产量）至关重要。本研究的目的是 (i) 量化黄土高原旱地玉米 (Zea mays L.) 的 WUE，以及 (ii) 确定可提高 WUE 和产量的管理实践。我们编制了涵盖 20 多年的 36 组实验的数据库，其中将传统做法 (CT) 与替代方案（包括 RT/NT、少耕或免耕、不覆盖秸秆）进行了比较； SM，秸秆覆盖； PM、地膜覆盖100%； RM、地膜覆盖50%以上； RMS，垄覆地膜+沟覆农作物秸秆。产量1.12～14.6 Mg ha(-1)，WUE 2.8～39.0 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)； RM、PM 和 RMS 下产量和 WUE 最大，Cf 下产量和 WUE 最小。实践对季节性蒸散量的影响较小且不一致，因此产量和 WUE 的变化可归因于土壤蒸发对总蒸散量的贡献以及吐丝前后季节性用水分配的变化。产量-蒸散量关系表明，可达到的WUE为40 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)。然而，很少有作物达到这种效率，强调了改进的机会。讨论了对作物管理以及进一步提高产量和水分利用效率的影响。 (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Owing to the critical situation of water resources and demographic pressure, improvement of crop water use efficiency (WUE = grain yield per unit seasonal evapotranspiration) in the dryland area of Loess Plateau of China is crucial. The aims of this study were (i) quantifying WUE of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau, and (ii) identifying management practices that improve both WUE and yield. We compiled a data base of 36 sets of experiments spanning more than 20 years, where conventional practice (CT) was compared with alternatives including RT/NT, reduced or no tillage without straw mulching; SM, straw mulching; PM, plastic film mulching 100%; RM, plastic film mulching 50% or more; RMS, ridge mulched with plastic film + furrow mulched with crop straw.Yield ranged from 1.12 to 14.6 Mg ha(-1) and WUE from 2.8 to 39.0 kg ha(-1) mm(-1); the maximum yield and WUE were achieved under RM, PM and RMS and the minimum under Cf. Practices had small and inconsistent effect on seasonal evapotranspiration, hence variation in yield and WUE were attributable to changes in both the contribution of soil evaporation to total evapotranspiration and the partitioning of seasonal water use before and after silking. The yield-evapotranspiration relationship indicated that attainable WUE was 40 kg ha(-1) mm(-1). Few crops, however, reached this efficiency emphasizing the opportunities for improvement. Implications for crop management and further improvement in yield and WUE are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.