Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta-analysis of cohort studies
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DOI：
10.1111/jhn.12426
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Grosso, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godos, J.;Bella, F.;Grosso, G.
背景素食可能对人类健康具有某些益处，尽管目前的证据很少且相互矛盾。在本研究中，对素食与乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险之间的关联进行了前瞻性队列研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法在 Pubmed 和 EMBASE 电子数据库中系统地检索研究。符合条件的研究采用前瞻性设计，并将素食、半素食和鱼素食饮食与非素食饮食进行比较。应用随机效应模型来计算饮食之间患癌症的相对风险（RR）。探讨统计异质性和发表偏倚。结果荟萃分析共纳入九项研究。研究对 6 个队列进行，涉及 686 629 名个体，分别涉及 3,441、4,062 和 1,935 例乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌病例。没有一项分析表明，与非素食饮食相比，素食饮食与患乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的风险较低之间存在显着关联。相比之下，结直肠癌风险较低与半素食饮食（RR = 0.86，95% 置信区间 = 0.79-0.94；I-2 = 0%，P 异质性 = 0.82）和鱼素食饮食（RR = 0.67，95% 置信区间 = 0.53, 0.83；I-2 = 0%，与非素食饮食相比，P-异质性 = 0.46）。通过癌症定位进行的亚组分析显示，结肠癌和直肠癌的总体风险评估没有差异。结论对素食队列研究的现有证据进行的总结表明，从饮食中完全排除任何蛋白质来源与对人类健康的进一步益处无关。
BackgroundVegetarian diets may be associated with certain benefits toward human health, although current evidence is scarce and contrasting. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed with respect to the association between vegetarian diets and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk.MethodsStudies were systematically searched in Pubmed and EMBASE electronic databases. Eligible studies had a prospective design and compared vegetarian, semi- and pesco-vegetarian diets with a non-vegetarian diet. Random-effects models were applied to calculate relative risks (RRs) of cancer between diets. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored.ResultsA total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were conducted on six cohorts accounting for 686 629 individuals, and 3441, 4062 and 1935 cases of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, respectively. None of the analyses showed a significant association of vegetarian diet and a lower risk of either breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer compared to a non-vegetarian diet. By contrast, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was associated with a semi-vegetarian diet (RR = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.79-0.94; I-2 = 0%, P-heterogeneity = 0.82) and a pesco-vegetarian diet (RR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.53, 0.83; I-2 = 0%, P-heterogeneity = 0.46) compared to a non-vegetarian diet. The subgroup analysis by cancer localisation showed no differences in summary risk estimates between colon and rectal cancer.ConclusionsA summary of the existing evidence from cohort studies on vegetarian diets showed that complete exclusion of any source of protein from the diet is not associated with further benefits for human health.