Discrimination in Evictions : Empirical Evidence and Legal Challenges *
Discrimination in Evictions : Empirical Evidence and Legal Challenges *
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驱逐中的歧视：经验证据和法律挑战*
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew Desmond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Deena Greenberg;C. Gershenson;Matthew Desmond
每年都会收到数万起住房歧视投诉。虽然对租赁市场的歧视问题进行了广泛的研究，但驱逐方面的歧视问题在很大程度上被忽视。这是因为确定驱逐中是否存在歧视存在着若干挑战。房东不仅通常有非歧视性的驱逐理由（例如，不付款），但他们也对驱逐决定行使巨大的自由裁量权，这种自由裁量权可能是对受保护群体的有意识或无意识的偏见。此外，发现驱逐中的歧视也带来了一些挑战，而评估住房歧视的传统方法不适合解决这些挑战。这篇文章是第一个实证调查种族和民族歧视的驱逐决定。它是通过借鉴密尔沃基地区租房者研究来做到这一点的，这是一项对1,086个租房家庭进行的新颖的观察性研究。统计分析显示，在面临被驱逐风险的租户中，以白色为主的社区的西班牙裔租户被驱逐的可能性大约是以非白色为主的社区的两倍。西班牙裔租户在有非西班牙裔房东时也更有可能被驱逐。本文讨论了对这些调查结果的可能解释，并评价了解决驱逐过程中歧视问题的法律的和政策解决办法。
Tens of thousands of housing discrimination complaints are filed each year. Although there has been extensive study of discrimination in the rental market, discrimination in evictions has been largely overlooked. This is because determining whether discrimination exists in evictions presents several challenges. Not only do landlords typically have a non-discriminatory reason for evictions (e.g., nonpayment), but they also wield tremendous discretion over eviction decisions—discretion that can be informed by conscious or unconscious bias against a protected group. Detecting discrimination in evictions, moreover, poses a number of challenges that conventional methods of assessing housing discrimination are ill-suited to address. This Article is among the first to empirically investigate racial and ethnic discrimination in eviction decisions. It does so by drawing on the Milwaukee Area Renters Study, a novel observational study of 1,086 rental households. Statistical analyses reveal that among tenants at risk of eviction, Hispanic tenants in predominantly white neighborhoods were roughly twice as likely to be evicted as those in predominantly non-white neighborhoods. Hispanic tenants were also more likely to get evicted when they had a non-Hispanic landlord. This Article discusses possible explanations for these findings and evaluates legal and policy solutions for addressing discrimination in the eviction process.