The modulation of auditory novelty processing by working memory load in school age children and adults: a combined behavioral and event-related potential study
The modulation of auditory novelty processing by working memory load in school age children and adults: a combined behavioral and event-related potential study
复制标题
学龄儿童和成人工作记忆负荷对听觉新奇处理的调节：行为和事件相关潜力的综合研究
作者：
P. Ruhnau;N. Wetzel;A. Widmann;E. Schröger
研究背景本研究考察了9-10岁儿童和成人对与任务无关的、意想不到的新奇声音的加工及其工作记忆负荷的调节作用。环境的声音（小说）被嵌入在频繁出现的标准声音中的视觉干扰范式。每个声音后面都跟着一个可视目标。在两种情况下，参与者评估视觉刺激的位置（0-背部，低负荷）或将当前刺激的位置与前两次试验（2-背部，高负荷）进行比较。以反应时、命中率、听觉事件相关脑电位（ERPs）、错配负波（MMN）、P3 a、重定向负波（罗恩）和视觉P3 b等指标来测量对小说声音的加工。听觉ERP反映了MMN时间窗口中与年龄相关的差异，因为儿童对小说表现出正的ERP偏转，而成年人缺乏MMN。不同年龄组儿童对任务无关小说的注意转换（P3 a反应）具有可比性。在负荷条件下，成人比儿童表现出更有效的注意再分配（反映在罗恩）。最后，当前一个声音是novel.ConclusionOur结果提供了新的见解新奇加工的发展，因为他们（1）揭示了任务无关的新声音可以导致相反的效果，在视觉初级任务的儿童和成人，（2）儿童对小说的ERP呈现正向偏移，而对MMN的ERP呈现负向偏移;（3）揭示听觉小说对视觉目标加工的影响。
BackgroundWe investigated the processing of task-irrelevant and unexpected novel sounds and its modulation by working-memory load in children aged 9-10 and in adults. Environmental sounds (novels) were embedded amongst frequently presented standard sounds in an auditory-visual distraction paradigm. Each sound was followed by a visual target. In two conditions, participants evaluated the position of a visual stimulus (0-back, low load) or compared the position of the current stimulus with the one two trials before (2-back, high load). Processing of novel sounds were measured with reaction times, hit rates and the auditory event-related brain potentials (ERPs) Mismatch Negativity (MMN), P3a, Reorienting Negativity (RON) and visual P3b.ResultsIn both memory load conditions novels impaired task performance in adults whereas they improved performance in children. Auditory ERPs reflect age-related differences in the time-window of the MMN as children showed a positive ERP deflection to novels whereas adults lack an MMN. The attention switch towards the task irrelevant novel (reflected by P3a) was comparable between the age groups. Adults showed more efficient reallocation of attention (reflected by RON) under load condition than children. Finally, the P3b elicited by the visual target stimuli was reduced in both age groups when the preceding sound was a novel.ConclusionOur results give new insights in the development of novelty processing as they (1) reveal that task-irrelevant novel sounds can result in contrary effects on the performance in a visual primary task in children and adults, (2) show a positive ERP deflection to novels rather than an MMN in children, and (3) reveal effects of auditory novels on visual target processing.
听觉感觉记忆持续时间发育变化的电生理证据。
影响因子：
4
作者：
Gomes,H;Sussman,E;Ritter,W;Kurtzberg,D;Cowan,N;VaughanJr,HG
通讯作者：
VaughanJr,HG